Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study Diversity Supplement

 描述（由申请人提供）：建筑环境在促进身体活动和健康方面起着关键作用。然而，公园作为建筑环境的一个关键属性，与体育活动之间的联系仍然没有定论。该项目采用自然实验设计，以评估社区公园倡议（CPI），纽约市公园和娱乐部（NYC公园）公园重新设计和改造倡议的影响，对身体活动，公园使用，心理和心理健康，以及社区福祉。本项目将采用纵向设计和匹配对照。纽约公园已经确定了134个在高优先级社区有极端资金需求的公园，并将开始分批翻新公园。在2016年底，第一波的35个公园将在55个社区关闭整修;这些公园将在2017年底重新开放。从最初的浪潮中，选择了20个干预公园纳入本研究。干预公园社区与20个社会经济相似的公园社区对照组相匹配，这些社区在研究期间不会进行翻新。这项研究将针对两个目标。在目标1中，研究人员将比较从基线到改造后2.5年的干预与对照公园社区（定义为每个公园周围0.25英里半径）居民的PA总量和其他健康结果。我们假设，改善将观察到在PA和健康水平的干预，但不控制社区。在目标2中，另外10个在2018年接受改造并在2019年重新开放的公园社区将用于监测改造后1.5年干预效果的可复制性。这种组合设计增强了我们在自然实验中推断因果关系的能力。我们的目标是在每个公园社区招募和保留40名研究参与者，经过自然减员后，目标1共有1600名参与者，目标2共有400名参与者。研究参与者将代表每个社区的两个不同的社会人口阶层：低收入住房和社区参与居民。措施包括直接公园观察和计划清单，公园质量，自我报告和GPS跟踪的公园使用，基于加速度计的身体活动，自我报告的心理社会健康和感知的社区福祉。这项研究是迄今为止规模最大的自然实验，为我们提供了一个难得的机会，可以提供强有力的证据，进一步了解公园与体育活动、心理社会和心理健康以及社区福祉之间的复杂关系。研究结果将为未来对健康导向的城市设计政策的投资提供信息，并为通过建筑环境战略解决健康差距提供证据。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The built environment plays a critical role in promoting physical activity and health. The association between parks, as a key attribute of the built environment, and physical activity, however, remains inconclusive. This project employs a natural experiment design to assess the impact of the Community Parks Initiative (CPI), a New York City Department of Parks and Recreation (NYC Parks) park redesign and renovation initiative, on physical activity, park usage, psychosocial and mental health, and community wellbeing. The project will use a longitudinal design with matched controls. NYC Parks has identified 134 parks with extreme capital needs in high-priority neighborhoods and will begin renovating parks in waves. In late 2016, the first wave of 35 parks across 55 neighborhoods will close for renovations; these parks will reopen in late 2017. From this initial wave, 20 interventio parks have been selected for inclusion in this study. Intervention park neighborhoods have been matched to a control group of 20 socio-economically similar park neighborhoods that will not be renovated during the study. The study will address two aims. In Aim 1, investigators will compare total volume of PA and other health outcomes among residents in the intervention vs. control park neighborhoods (defined as .25 mile radius around each park) from baseline to 2.5 years post-renovation. We hypothesize that improvements will be observed in PA and health levels in intervention but not control neighborhoods. In Aim 2, an additional 10 park neighborhoods receiving renovation in 2018 and reopening in 2019 will be used to monitor replicability of intervention effects at 1.5 years post-renovation. This combined design enhances our ability to infer causality in a natural experiment. We aim to recruit and retain 40 study participants per park neighborhood, after attrition, for a total of 1600 participants in Aim 1 and 400 in Aim 2. Study participants will represent two distinct sociodemographic strata in each neighborhood: low-income housing and community- engaged residents. Measures include direct park observations and program checklists, park quality, self- reported and GPS-tracked park usage, accelerometry-based physical activity, self-reported psychosocial health, and perceived community wellbeing. The largest natural experiment of its kind to date, this study represents a rare opportunity to provide robust evidence to further our understanding of the complex relationship between parks and physical activity, psychosocial and mental health, and community wellbeing. The findings will inform future investments in health-oriented urban design policies and offer evidence for addressing health disparities through built environment strategies.