Influence of brain maturation on memory representation during development

大脑成熟度对发育过程中记忆表征的影响

• 批准号: 9765037
• 负责人: Nicole Leigh Varga
• 金额: $ 6.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9765037
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Anterior; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Brain; Child; Childhood; Code; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Decision Making; Development; Elements; Event; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Image; Impairment; Individual; Influentials; Intervention; Knowledge; Lateral; Learning; Life; Link; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methods; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Onset of illness; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Research; Resolution; Retrieval; Scanning; Schizophrenia; Signal Transduction; Structure; System; Techniques; Testing; Training; Update; Work; autism spectrum disorder; base; cost; experience; experimental study; flexibility; functional MRI scan; improved; indexing; insight; learning ability; middle childhood; multimodality; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; recruit; relating to nervous system; relational memory; theories; therapy design

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The transformation of memory from a system that stores discrete events to one that codes the commonalities across related events is critical to higher-order cognition, enabling individuals to extend beyond direct experience to support flexible behaviors such as reasoning, optimal decision making, and prospection. Explicating how relational memory representation emerges across development not only has important implications for memory behaviors (i.e., retrieval of past events), but impairments in memory formation are also associated with academic outcome and several mental health disorders that onset before adulthood, including depression, autism, and schizophrenia. Yet despite the critical need to elucidate how the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of integrated memory traces emerges across development, measuring the formation of integrated memories at the representational level has proved challenging. Consequently, no study to date has examined the neural mechanisms driving the formation of integrated memories in development. The proposed project will directly address this gap. It builds on theory and empirical work with adults suggesting that the formation of integrated memories is supported by the anterior hippocampus (aHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), as well as research showing that this aHPC-mPFC circuit continues to develop through the third decade of life, thus underscoring the critical need to examine how changes in these structures relates to the protracted emergence of memory integration. We predict that memory integration and reasoning in childhood may therefore rely on a more effortful strategy supported by the posterior HPC (pHPC) and lateral PFC (lPFC), wherein memories are represented separately from one another and then recombined when necessary. In contrast to children, we hypothesize that adolescents will begin to rely on the aHPC—mPFC network, but immature connection and rapid changes in development of these regions will lead to less reliable memory integration, such that traces continue to be represented discretely. Through completion of one experiment, children (7-8 years), adolescents (13-14 years), and adults (25-30 years) will complete a paired associate inference task assessing memory integration (scanned) and subsequent reasoning (not scanned). Multimodal neuroimaging techniques (structural MRI, high-resolution) and advanced analysis methods (multi-voxel pattern analysis, relational similarity analysis) will be used to test the neural mechanisms supporting memory integration (Aim 1) and how these mechanisms relate to representational change with age (Aim 2). Results from this project would provide a substantial contribution to theory on the neurocognitive development of representational capacities, and have the potential to provide critical insight into interventions designed to improve complex behaviors that rely on memory integration, especially within populations with deficits in this learning ability (i.e., individuals with autism, depression, or schizophrenia).

项目概要/摘要 记忆从存储离散事件的系统转变为编码共性的系统 跨相关事件对于高阶认知至关重要，使个人能够超越直接认知 支持灵活行为的经验，例如推理、最佳决策和前景。 解释关系记忆表征如何在开发过程中出现不仅具有重要意义 对记忆行为（即检索过去事件）的影响，但记忆形成的障碍 还与学业成绩和成年前发生的几种心理健康疾病有关， 包括抑郁症、自闭症和精神分裂症。然而，尽管迫切需要阐明神经元如何 整合记忆痕迹形成的机制在发展过程中出现，测量 事实证明，在表征层面形成整合记忆具有挑战性。因此，不 迄今为止的研究已经检查了驱动整合记忆形成的神经机制 发展。拟议的项目将直接解决这一差距。它建立在理论和实证工作的基础上 成年人认为整合记忆的形成是由前海马体（aHPC）支持的 和内侧前额叶皮层 (mPFC)，研究表明该 aHPC-mPFC 电路继续 生命的第三个十年的发展，因此强调迫切需要检查这些变化如何 结构与记忆整合的长期出现有关。我们预测记忆整合和 因此，儿童时期的推理可能依赖于后 HPC (pHPC) 支持的更有效的策略 横向 PFC (lPFC)，其中存储器彼此分开表示，然后 必要时重新组合。与儿童相比，我们假设青少年将开始依赖 aHPC—mPFC网络，但这些区域的连接不成熟和发展的快速变化将导致 到不太可靠的内存集成，使得痕迹继续离散地表示。通过 完成一项实验后，儿童（7-8岁）、青少年（13-14岁）和成人（25-30岁）将 完成配对关联推理任务，评估记忆整合（扫描）和后续 推理（未扫描）。多模态神经影像技术（结构 MRI、高分辨率）和先进技术 分析方法（多体素模式分析、关系相似性分析）将用于测试神经网络 支持记忆整合的机制（目标 1）以及这些机制如何与表征相关 随着年龄的增长而变化（目标 2）。该项目的结果将为相关理论做出重大贡献 表征能力的神经认知发展，并有潜力提供批判性的见解 旨在改善依赖记忆整合的复杂行为的干预措施，尤其是在 这种学习能力有缺陷的人群（即患有自闭症、抑郁症或精神分裂症的人）。