Integrating Alcohol Myopia and Objectification to Understand Sexual Assault

结合酒精近视和客观化来理解性侵犯

• 批准号: 9764214
• 负责人: DAVID DILILLO
• 金额: $ 35.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9764214
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Aggressive behavior; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Attention; Dehumanization; Development; Etiology; Exclusion; Expectancy; Face; Feeling; Feeling suicidal; Forcible intercourse; Goals; Health; Human; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Intoxication; Laboratory Study; Lead; Link; Literature; Mental Depression; Modeling; Modification; Myopia; Pathway interactions; Play; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Process; Public Health; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Social Perception; Societies; Testing; Thinking; Victimization; Woman; Work; adverse outcome; alcohol involvement; alcohol myopia; alcohol prevention; alcohol risk; assault; base; causal model; drinking; experience; improved; in vivo; interest; male; men; novel; perpetrators; pleasure; prevent; programs; response; risk perception; sex; sexual assault; sexual risk behavior; sexual victimization; sexual violence; therapy development; translational impact; violence against women

Abstract It is well established that sexual violence causes varied and severe health problems for women, including PTSD, depression, substance use, and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, alcohol use is inextricably linked to sexual violence, with the majority of sexual assaults occurring when the perpetrator, victim, or both have been drinking. This public health problem has generated a tremendous amount of research interest in recent years, focused mostly on identifying broad risk factors associated with this phenomenon. Yet, it remains unclear when, why, and for whom alcohol causes sexual assault perpetration or victimization. Developing new etiological models of alcohol-involved sexual violence is critical for the creation of effective programs to reduce sexual assault risk. In response to this significant need, the present project integrates previous research on factors associated with alcohol-involved sexual assault, with research on how intoxication alters attention and social perceptions in ways that increase the risk of sexual aggression and victimization. Specifically, this project examines how alcohol intoxication on the part of a male perpetrator impairs attentional capacity and leads to a narrowing of the perceptual field causing a dehumanizing perspective of women as sexual objects for men's pleasure rather than individuals with thoughts and feelings, thereby increasing the propensity for sexual aggression. The present research also examines whether women's responses to this sexual objectification from men interfere with risk perception in sexual situations, particularly when women are drinking, increasing the likelihood of sexual victimization. These propositions will be tested in the context of two carefully controlled laboratory studies. Together, these studies will provide a comprehensive test of our proposed model of alcohol-involved sexual assault that includes situation-specific mechanisms and key moderators of sexual violence. Findings from this project will inform prevention programs that can reduce the deleterious health problems associated with alcohol-involved sexual violence.

摘要 众所周知，性暴力给妇女造成各种严重的健康问题，包括 创伤后应激障碍，抑郁症，药物使用，和自杀意念。此外，酒精的使用与以下因素有着千丝万缕的联系： 性暴力，大多数性侵犯发生时，肇事者，受害者，或两者都已 喝酒近年来，这一公共卫生问题引起了大量的研究兴趣， 主要侧重于确定与这一现象有关的广泛风险因素。然而，目前还不清楚 何时，为什么，以及为谁酒精导致性侵犯的实施或受害。开发新 涉及酒精的性暴力的病因学模型对于制定有效的方案以减少 性侵犯风险。为了应对这一重大需求，本项目整合了之前的研究， 与酒精相关的性侵犯因素，关于醉酒如何改变注意力的研究， 社会观念，增加性侵犯和受害的风险。具体来说， 该项目研究了男性犯罪者的酒精中毒如何损害注意力， 导致知觉领域的缩小，导致将女性视为性对象的非人性化观点 为男人的快乐，而不是个人的思想和感情，从而增加倾向， 性侵犯目前的研究还探讨了妇女对这种性行为的反应是否 来自男性的客观化干扰了性情境中的风险感知，特别是当女性 饮酒增加了性侵害的可能性这些命题将在两个背景下进行测试， 严格控制的实验室研究。总之，这些研究将为我们提供一个全面的测试， 酒精参与性侵犯的拟议模型，包括具体情况的机制和关键 性暴力的调解人。该项目的调查结果将为预防计划提供信息， 与酒精相关的性暴力相关的有害健康问题。