Measuring genomic DNA damage and DNA repair capacity in longitudinal population samples - a step towards precision prevention

测量纵向群体样本中的基因组 DNA 损伤和 DNA 修复能力——迈向精准预防的一步

• 批准号: 9767787
• 负责人: Robert W Sobol
• 金额: $ 54.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9767787
• 关键词: African American; Aging; Alabama; Amino Acid Sequence; Back; Biological Assay; Biological Monitoring; Cardiovascular Diseases; Code; Comet Assay; Communities; Computer software; Coupled; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; DNA Repair Pathway; Defect; Detection; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Disease susceptibility; Early Intervention; Environmental Exposure; Exposure to; Freezing; Future; Gene Proteins; Genome; Genomic DNA; Glass; Human; Image; Individual; Intervention; Life; Maintenance; Malignant Neoplasms; Manuscripts; Measures; Mitochondria; Molecular; Mutagens; Nerve Degeneration; Pathology; Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell; Phenotype; Play; Population; Population Analysis; Population Study; Primary Prevention; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Resolution; Respiration; Risk; Role; Route; Sampling; Sentinel; Signal Pathway; Site; Slide; Technology; Testing; Time; Universities; Variant; Veins; base; cohort; computerized data processing; discrete time; genome integrity; high risk; individualized prevention; mRNA Expression; metabolome; next generation; novel; personalized medicine; personalized therapeutic; prevent; protein expression; repaired; response; screening

Project Summary Advanced technologies for characterizing human populations at the molecular level have set the stage for personalized therapeutic strategies that may also provide an opportunity for personalized prevention. Personalized or ‘Precision Prevention’ would therefore provide an opportunity to identify those at high risk for a given disease, in part based on defined functional defects (such as a defect in genome maintenance), so as to advise for targeted screening and primary prevention interventions early in life to alter disease susceptibility. DNA repair pathways maintain the integrity of the genome and thereby help prevent the onset of cancer, disease and aging phenotypes and play a significant role in the cellular and organismal response to environmental exposures. In the vein of precision prevention, identifying those with functional defects in the maintenance of genome integrity would be a first step as such ‘carriers’ would have an increased risk of exposure-associated pathologies. Many of these cancer- or disease-specific DNA repair defects can be detected using current "omics" technologies such as evaluating changes in mRNA expression, alterations in the DNA coding sequence or modulations in cellular metabolites such as NAD+ metabolites known to regulate mitochondrial function and regulate DNA repair pathways, as we have shown. However, there are many defects that can only be detected from a direct analysis of basal genome integrity and a direct measure of the cellular capacity to repair the genome in response to exogenous genotoxins. In response to RFA-ES-17-006: Expanding Genome Integrity Assays to Population Studies, we propose Aims that will advance our capacity to examine human populations for genome damage and genome repair capacity, illuminating variations between individuals at discrete time-points as well as within individuals across a five-year period. Genome integrity and DNA repair capacity in sentinel PBMCs at basal level and following challenge by environmental genotoxins will be evaluated using a newly developed next-generation high-throughput DNA damage detection platform. The advances of this new platform have now opened the door for the analysis of large-scale population cohorts, providing a huge step forward in human biomonitoring opportunities. These studies will provide the first look at a longitudinal measure of genome integrity in a community-based cohort of mostly African American descent and will advance our capacity to interrogate human populations for genome damage and genome repair capacity.

项目摘要 在分子水平上表征人类群体的先进技术为以下方面奠定了基础： 个性化的治疗策略，也可以提供个性化预防的机会。 因此，个性化或“精确预防”将提供一个机会，以确定那些在高风险的， 特定疾病，部分基于定义的功能缺陷（如基因组维护缺陷），以便 建议在生命早期进行有针对性的筛查和初级预防干预，以改变疾病的易感性。DNA 修复途径维持基因组的完整性，从而有助于预防癌症、疾病和 老化表型，并在细胞和有机体对环境暴露的反应中发挥重要作用。 在精确预防方面，识别那些在维持基因组完整性方面有功能缺陷的人， 这将是第一步，因为这种“携带者”将具有增加的与糖尿病相关的病理的风险。许多 这些癌症或疾病特异性DNA修复缺陷可以使用当前的“组学”技术检测， 评估mRNA表达的变化，DNA编码序列的改变或细胞内的调节， 已知调节线粒体功能和调节DNA修复的代谢物如NAD+代谢物 路，正如我们所展示的。然而，有许多缺陷只能通过直接分析来检测 基础基因组完整性和细胞修复基因组的能力的直接测量， 外源性基因毒素回应RFA-ES-17-006：将基因组完整性检测扩展至人群 研究，我们提出的目标，将提高我们的能力，检查人类群体的基因组损伤， 基因组修复能力，阐明个体之间在离散时间点以及 个人在五年内。基础水平哨兵PBMC的基因组完整性和DNA修复能力 以及环境遗传毒素的挑战后，将使用新开发的下一代 高通量DNA损伤检测平台。这个新平台的进步现在已经打开了大门 用于分析大规模人群队列，为人类生物监测向前迈出了一大步 机会这些研究将提供第一个纵向测量基因组完整性的方法， 以社区为基础的队列，主要是非洲裔美国人后裔，并将提高我们的能力，审问人类 基因组损伤和基因组修复能力。