Synergistic effects of neighborhood social stressors and outdoor fine particulate matter air pollution on cognitive decline and incident dementia

项目总结 空气污染暴露是认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病(AD)的重要危险因素，阿尔茨海默病是一种常见的 每10名65岁以上的美国成年人中就有一人患有痴呆症。暴露在高水平空气污染中的老年人 认知功能低下和衰退以及痴呆症和痴呆症相关病理的风险更大。 重要的是，户外空气污染无处不在，许多老年人暴露在空气污染水平以上。 健康空气质量的联邦推荐标准。因为空气污染很普遍，而且是一个关键因素 在神经退行性变中的作用，确定其与痴呆症的联系，以及痴呆症的前兆，有 成为公共卫生的优先事项。社区环境中的心理社会应激源可能会降低大脑的 老年人神经毒性阈值和增加对污染物暴露的神经退行性影响的易感性 年龄。由于暴露在邻居的压力下，空气污染可能会对认知健康造成负面影响 即使在相对较低的剂量下也是如此。拟议的研究将确定PM2.5是否 暴露与紊乱和衰败相互作用，这两个主要的邻里压力来源会影响认知能力下降 以及美国老年人患痴呆症的风险。该项目将使用60岁及以上成年人的预期数据 来自具有全国代表性的健康和退休研究(HRS)，与年平均水平相联系 PM2.5浓度，以检查认知能力下降和认知障碍的发病情况 十年以上的痴呆症。这个为期两年的项目的主要目标是检验以下中心假设 暴露于社区应激源加剧了空气污染对认知能力下降风险的不利影响 以及痴呆症的发作。

PROJECT SUMMARY Air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a common form of dementia affecting 1 in 10 U.S. adults over age 65. Older adults exposed to high levels of air pollution are at greater risk of poor cognitive function and decline as well as dementia and dementia-related pathology. Importantly, outdoor air pollution is ubiquitous and many older adults are exposed to air pollution levels above the recommended federal standards for healthy air quality. Because air pollution is widespread and plays a key role in neuro-degeneration, determining its association with dementia, as well as precursors to dementia, has become a public health priority. Psychosocial stressors in the neighborhood environment may lower the brain’s threshold for neurotoxicity and increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative effects of pollutant exposure at older ages. With additional exposure to neighborhood stressors, air pollution could negatively impact cognitive health even at relatively lower doses than have previously been reported. The proposed study will determine if PM2.5 exposure interacts with disorder and decay, two major neighborhood-based stressors, to impact cognitive decline and dementia risk among older U.S. adults. This project will use prospective data on adults ages 60 and older from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS), linked with annual average concentrations of PM2.5, to examine cognitive decline and onset of cognitive impairment consistent with dementia over ten years. The primary objective of this two year project is to test the central hypothesis that exposure to neighborhood stressors exacerbates the adverse effects of air pollution on risk of cognitive decline and onset of dementia.