Synergistic effects of neighborhood social stressors and outdoor fine particulate matter air pollution on cognitive decline and incident dementia

项目摘要 空气污染暴露是认知能力下降和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的重要危险因素， 这种痴呆症影响着每10个65岁以上的美国成年人中就有1个。老年人暴露于高水平的空气污染 认知功能差和认知功能下降以及痴呆症和痴呆症相关病理的风险更大。 重要的是，室外空气污染无处不在，许多老年人暴露在空气污染水平以上 推荐的联邦健康空气质量标准。因为空气污染很普遍， 在神经变性中的作用，决定了它与痴呆症的联系，以及痴呆症的前兆， 成为公共卫生的优先事项。邻里环境中的心理社会压力可能会降低大脑的 神经毒性阈值和增加老年人暴露于污染物对神经退行性影响的敏感性 年龄随着周围环境压力的增加，空气污染可能会对认知健康产生负面影响 甚至在比先前报道的剂量相对较低的剂量下也是如此。这项拟议的研究将确定PM2.5 暴露与障碍和衰退相互作用，两个主要的基于社区的压力源，影响认知能力下降 和老年痴呆症的风险。该项目将使用60岁及以上成年人的前瞻性数据 来自全国代表性的健康和退休研究（HRS），与年平均水平相关联 PM2.5浓度，以检查认知能力下降和认知功能障碍的发作， 十年以上的痴呆症这个为期两年的项目的主要目标是测试中心假设， 暴露于邻里压力源加剧了空气污染对认知能力下降风险的不利影响 和痴呆症的发病

PROJECT SUMMARY Air pollution exposure is an important risk factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a common form of dementia affecting 1 in 10 U.S. adults over age 65. Older adults exposed to high levels of air pollution are at greater risk of poor cognitive function and decline as well as dementia and dementia-related pathology. Importantly, outdoor air pollution is ubiquitous and many older adults are exposed to air pollution levels above the recommended federal standards for healthy air quality. Because air pollution is widespread and plays a key role in neuro-degeneration, determining its association with dementia, as well as precursors to dementia, has become a public health priority. Psychosocial stressors in the neighborhood environment may lower the brain’s threshold for neurotoxicity and increase susceptibility to neurodegenerative effects of pollutant exposure at older ages. With additional exposure to neighborhood stressors, air pollution could negatively impact cognitive health even at relatively lower doses than have previously been reported. The proposed study will determine if PM2.5 exposure interacts with disorder and decay, two major neighborhood-based stressors, to impact cognitive decline and dementia risk among older U.S. adults. This project will use prospective data on adults ages 60 and older from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS), linked with annual average concentrations of PM2.5, to examine cognitive decline and onset of cognitive impairment consistent with dementia over ten years. The primary objective of this two year project is to test the central hypothesis that exposure to neighborhood stressors exacerbates the adverse effects of air pollution on risk of cognitive decline and onset of dementia.