Neighborhood Context, Social Relationships, and Health: Examining the Pathways

项目摘要 这一独立之路奖的主要目的是提供必要的培训和研究。 促进该研究所在健康和老龄化领域向独立研究事业的过渡。这个 Pi是一位训练有素的社会学家和人口学家，正在寻求在生物和心理学方面的额外培训 南加州大学安德鲁斯老年学中心，一个致力于 对衰老的研究。PI将进行一项培训和研究计划，以增加必要的知识 老龄化的生物和心理模型与PI目前在人口健康研究方面的专业知识相结合。 这个奖项的目的是扩展现有的关于社会环境是如何“深入到皮肤下”的知识 并通过阐明社区环境和心理健康之间的复杂联系来影响健康- 选择的社会因素及其对生命过程中健康的影响。了解在SO中的体验如何- 然而，社会环境转化为健康风险，需要澄清生物和心理因素。 将社会环境与健康联系起来的社会进程。基于社区的社交参与(例如，互动 与邻居的交往和对社区组织的参与)可能是一个关键，但尚未得到充分的研究， 社区影响老年人健康的途径。 这项拟议的研究考察了社区社会和物理环境之间的联系，因此- 社会参与和多系统生理功能的生物标志物，目的是获得 关于社区环境影响健康的具体途径的新认识 并在居民中发挥作用，特别是老年居民。这项提议意义重大，因为 社区在塑造健康和福祉方面发挥着至关重要的作用，特别是在可能- 更加依赖其邻近社区的资源和便利设施，并拥有更多的 对邻里危害的姿态和脆弱性。然而，将社区与健康联系起来的途径是 老年人并没有得到很好的理解。该项目的目标是：1)确定心理社会途径-- 使社区适应生理社会失调；2)测试个人与社区之间的相互作用 它们对心理社会功能和生理失调的影响的特点； 确定社区变化是否预示着个人心理社会功能和生理死亡的变化 调整。该项目将促进对老龄化的复杂、多层次决定因素的理解。 佩里塞斯。 研究目标将通过一个二次数据分析程序进行调查，该程序将与几个前 列出基于人群的数据集(芝加哥社区成人健康研究、健康和退休研究，以及 美国中年发展国家调查)，所有这些都整合了关于邻里关系的信息- 文本、心理社会因素和生物标记物。广义线性模型与多水平方法的结合 将用于进行具体目标中概述的分析。了解活组织检查所需的技能- 选择社会进程将社区和社会参与与健康联系起来，这是重新建立社区关系所必需的。 搜索，将获得作为K99指导计划的关键组成部分。这位候选人将赢得广泛的支持。 南加州大学Andrus Geron的一系列资源和培训机会- Tology Center和其他地方获得必要的技能，以追求综合了多学科知识的研究生涯 将社区、心理社会因素和生物疾病过程的信息纳入现有的再保险计划 健康和老龄化研究中的搜索模型，传统上完全集中在个人层面的因素上。 R00阶段将允许候选人在以下指导下完成研究计划所需的时间 考生的K99导师，并提交了一份R01提案，以检查邻里环境 社会关系结合在一起并相互作用，形成了生命过程中的健康轨迹。

PROJECT ABSTRACT This primary aim of this Pathway to Independence Award is to provide necessary training and research ex- perience to facilitate the PI's transition to an independent research career in the field of health and aging. The PI is a highly training sociologist and demographer seeking additional training in biology and psychology at the Andrus Gerontology Center at the University of Southern California, a preeminent research institute devoted to the study of aging. The PI will pursue a program of training and research that will add necessary knowledge of biological and psychological models of aging to the PI's current expertise in demographic health research. The objective of this award is to extend existing knowledge of how social environments `get under the skin' and influence health by elucidating the complex associations between the neighborhood environment and psy- chosocial factors and their effects on health across the life course. Understanding how experiences in the so- cial environment are translated into health risks, however, requires clarification of the biological and psychoso- cial processes that link social environments to health. Neighborhood-based social engagement (e.g. interac- tions with neighbors and participation in community organization) may represent a key, yet understudied, pathway through which neighborhoods influence older adult health. The proposed research examines the links among the neighborhood social and physical environment, so- cial engagement, and biological markers of multi-system physiological functioning with the objective of gaining new knowledge about the specific pathways through which the neighborhood environment influences health and functioning among residents, and in particular, older residents. The proposal is highly significant because communities play a vital role in shaping health and well-being, particularly among older adults who may be- come more dependent on the resources and amenities in their immediate neighborhood and have greater ex- posure and vulnerability to neighborhood hazards. Yet, the pathways linking neighborhoods to health among older adults are not well understood. The aims of this project are to: 1) identify the psychosocial pathways link- ing neighborhoods to physiolgocial dysregulation; 2) test for interactions between individual and neighborhood characteristics with respect to their effects on psychosocial functioning and physiological dysregulation; and 3) determine if neighborhood change predicts change in individual psychosocial functioning and physiological dy- sregulation. This project will advance understanding of the complex, multilevel determinants of the aging ex- perience. The research objectives will be investigated through a program of secondary data analysis with several ex- isting population-based data sets (Chicago Community Adult Health Study, Health and Retirement Study, and National Survey of Midlife Development in the U.S.), all of which integrate information on neighborhood con- text, psychosocial factors, and biomarkers. A combination of generalized linear models and multilevel methods will be used to conduct the analyses outlined in the specific aims. The skills needed to understand how biopsy- chosocial processes link neighborhoods and social engagement to health, which are necessary for this re- search, will be obtained as a key component of the K99 mentoring plan. The candidate will draw on a broad range of resources and training opportunities throughout the University of Southern California Andrus Geron- tology Center and elsewhere to obtain the necessary skills to pursue a research career that integrates multi- level information on neighborhoods, psychosocial factors, and biological disease processes into existing re- search models in health and aging research that have traditionally focused entirely on individual-level factors. The R00 phase will allow the candidate the time needed to complete the research plan under the guidance of the candidate's K99 mentors, and to submit an R01 proposal to examine how the neighborhood environment and social relationships combine and interact to shape health trajectories over the life course.