Central mechanisms of color vision

 描述（由申请人提供）：视觉系统已经成为理解神经元信息处理的首要模型。在视觉中，颜色的亚模态提供了一个特别有吸引力的实验平台：我们对颜色感知的现象学有着大量的了解，并且可以通过充分理解的生理过程定量地、高精度地解释颜色感知的某些方面。由于这一进展，我们可以快速准确地诊断许多不同形式的色盲，并可以构建准确呈现颜色的设备。另一方面，我们的知识中仍然存在令人惊讶的漏洞。拟议中的研究将通过确定检测和外观的时间瓶颈所在来填补我们知识中的这一空白。计划了三个具体目标：1）电生理和建模，以确定在视觉系统中亮度信号是有限的。2)电生理学和建模，以确定在视觉系统中红-绿色彩色信号是有限的。3)比较猴子及其组成神经元分类的刺激类别，以确定神经元信号的动力学是否是刺激外观随时间频率变化的原因。所提出的实验将扩展我们的知识，使我们能够理解引起知觉及其障碍的原理。这种理解有望提供促进创伤或神经系统疾病后视觉功能恢复的方法。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The visual system has emerged as a premier model for understanding information processing by neurons. Within vision, the submodality of color provides a particularly attractive experimental platform: we know a tremendous amount about the phenomenology of color perception and can explain some aspects of color perception, quantitatively and with high precision, by well- understood physiological processes. As a result of this progress, we can quickly and accurately diagnose many distinct forms of color blindness and can build devices that render colors accurately. On the other hand, surprising holes in our knowledge remain. The proposed research will fill this hole in our knowledge by determining where the temporal bottlenecks for detection and appearance reside. Three specific aims are planned: 1) Electrophysiological and modeling to determine where in the visual system luminance signaling is limited. 2) Electrophysiological and modeling to determine where in the visual system red- green chromatic signaling is limited. 3) Comparison of stimulus categories as classified by monkeys and by their component neurons to determine whether the dynamics of neuronal signals are responsible for changes in stimulus appearance as a function of temporal frequency. The proposed experiments will extend our knowledge toward an understanding of the principles that give rise to perception and its disorders. Such an understanding promises to provide the means to promote recovery of visual function following trauma or neurological disease.