Central mechanisms of color vision

 描述(申请人提供)：视觉系统已经成为理解神经元信息处理的主要模型。在视觉方面，颜色的亚通道提供了一个特别吸引人的实验平台：我们对颜色知觉的现象学有大量的了解，并可以通过众所周知的生理过程来定量和高精度地解释颜色知觉的某些方面。作为这一进步的结果，我们可以快速而准确地诊断许多不同形式的色盲，并可以制造出准确呈现颜色的设备。另一方面，我们的知识中仍然存在令人惊讶的漏洞。这项拟议的研究将通过确定检测和外观的时间瓶颈位于何处，来填补我们知识中的这一漏洞。计划了三个具体的目标：1)电生理和建模，以确定视觉系统中亮度信号的限制。2)电生理和建模，以确定红绿色信号在视觉系统中的哪个部位受到限制。3)比较按猴子和其组成神经元分类的刺激类别，以确定神经元信号的动力学是否导致刺激外观作为时间频率的函数的变化。拟议中的实验将扩展我们的知识，使我们能够理解产生知觉及其紊乱的原理。这样的理解有望为促进创伤或神经疾病后视觉功能的恢复提供手段。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The visual system has emerged as a premier model for understanding information processing by neurons. Within vision, the submodality of color provides a particularly attractive experimental platform: we know a tremendous amount about the phenomenology of color perception and can explain some aspects of color perception, quantitatively and with high precision, by well- understood physiological processes. As a result of this progress, we can quickly and accurately diagnose many distinct forms of color blindness and can build devices that render colors accurately. On the other hand, surprising holes in our knowledge remain. The proposed research will fill this hole in our knowledge by determining where the temporal bottlenecks for detection and appearance reside. Three specific aims are planned: 1) Electrophysiological and modeling to determine where in the visual system luminance signaling is limited. 2) Electrophysiological and modeling to determine where in the visual system red- green chromatic signaling is limited. 3) Comparison of stimulus categories as classified by monkeys and by their component neurons to determine whether the dynamics of neuronal signals are responsible for changes in stimulus appearance as a function of temporal frequency. The proposed experiments will extend our knowledge toward an understanding of the principles that give rise to perception and its disorders. Such an understanding promises to provide the means to promote recovery of visual function following trauma or neurological disease.