Correlates of perceived size in V1 neurons

V1 神经元感知大小的相关性

• 批准号: 8043295
• 负责人: Gregory D Horwitz
• 金额: $ 26.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8043295
• 关键词: Accounting; Affect; Animal Model; Back; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain Injuries; Complex; Cues; Data; Distant; Environment; Experimental Designs; Eye; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Human; Illusions; Image; Individual; Investigation; Knowledge; Lead; Life; Light; Macaca; Measurement; Measures; Monkeys; Neurons; Perception; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Psychophysiology; Research Proposals; Retina; Retinal; Rewards; Role; Signal Transduction; Size Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Tissues; V1 neuron; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; area striata; base; experience; feeding; human subject; neurophysiology; receptive field; relating to nervous system; research study; response; retinotopic

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to use behavioral and single-unit recording techniques to understand the role of three-dimensional (3D) context in the neural processing of object size. Estimating the size of an object highlights a fundamental computational problem in vision: the inherent ambiguity in the retinal image. For any given retinal image there are an infinite number of combinations of object sizes and viewing distances that could give rise to that image. A fundamental challenge is to understand how distance information - which is not explicitly represented in the retinal image - is combined with retinal size information to achieve an accurate and stable representation of object size. The overarching framework of this proposal is that distance information is combined with retinal size information in early stages of the visual system. Convergent evidence from behavioral, fMRI, and ERP experiments in humans have shown that object size is represented in the primary visual cortex. These results are inconsistent with the primary visual cortex passively reflecting the stimulus on the retina, but rather suggest that high-level signals related to 3D scene interpretation may be fed back to primary visual cortex to adjust the amount of tissue allocated to represent visual objects. To extend these findings, our proposed experiments pursue these results in an animal model using psychophysical measurements and single-neuron electrophysiological recordings. Two specific aims are proposed: 1) single-unit recording to investigate the changes in receptive field structure of individual visual cortical neurons as a function of 3D context and 2) psychophysical measurements of size illusions in the same animal model used in specific aim 1. Together these specific aims will shed light on the processes that underlie size perception, which are critical for interacting with a 3D world, and will provide a bridge between vision studies in human and non-human subjects. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The relevance of this project is that we will gain further understanding into how the brain constructs visual perceptions of the environment. This process is a complex interaction between the light signal that arrives at the eye and our built- in, implicit knowledge about the structure of the environment. This understanding is essential for identifying how the visual system develops and for finding potential treatments for visual impairments in response to brain injury or disease.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目标是使用行为和单单元记录技术来理解三维（3D）上下文在对象大小的神经处理中的作用。估计物体的大小突出了视觉中的一个基本计算问题：视网膜图像中固有的模糊性。对于任何给定的视网膜图像，都有无限数量的物体大小和观看距离的组合可以产生该图像。一个根本的挑战是要了解距离信息-这是没有明确表示在视网膜图像-是如何与视网膜尺寸信息相结合，以实现一个准确和稳定的表示对象的大小。该建议的总体框架是距离信息在视觉系统的早期阶段与视网膜大小信息相结合。 来自人类行为、功能磁共振成像和ERP实验的证据表明，物体的大小在初级视觉皮层中表现出来。这些结果与初级视觉皮层被动地在视网膜上反射刺激不一致，而是表明与3D场景解释相关的高水平信号可以反馈到初级视觉皮层以调整分配给代表视觉对象的组织的量。为了扩展这些发现，我们提出的实验在动物模型中使用心理物理测量和单神经元电生理记录来追求这些结果。提出了两个具体目标：1）单单位记录，以研究个体视皮层神经元感受野结构的变化作为3D上下文的函数; 2）在具体目标1中使用的同一动物模型中对大小错觉进行心理物理测量。这些特定的目标将共同揭示大小感知的基础过程，这对于与3D世界互动至关重要，并将为人类和非人类受试者的视觉研究提供桥梁。 公共卫生关系：这个项目的相关性在于，我们将进一步了解大脑如何构建对环境的视觉感知。这个过程是到达眼睛的光信号和我们关于环境结构的内置、隐含的知识之间的复杂相互作用。这种理解对于确定视觉系统如何发展以及寻找应对脑损伤或疾病的视觉障碍的潜在治疗方法至关重要。