Prediction and Properties of Airborne Dust Arising from Mining Sites

矿区扬尘的预测及其特性

• 批准号: 9537572
• 负责人: Avelino Eduardo Saez
• 金额: $ 17.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9537572
• 关键词: Acute; Aerosols; Air; Area; Arizona; Arsenic; Assessment tool; Attenuated; Child; Chronic; Communities; Complement; Data; Data Analyses; Deposition; Development; Dust; Elements; Ensure; Environment; Environmental Wind; Equipment; Event; Exposure to; Fractionation; Future; Generations; Goals; Health; Health Services; High temperature of physical object; Human; Indoor environment; Ingestion; Inhalation; Intercept; Iron; Isotopes; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Liquid substance; Lung; Lung diseases; Malignant Neoplasms; Maps; Measures; Metals; Meteorology; Methodology; Mining; Modeling; Non-Malignant; Particle Size; Pattern; Play; Population; Predisposition; Property; Risk; Role; Sampling; Signal Recognition Particle; Site; Smelts; Soil; Source; Spatial Distribution; Superfund; Tail; Trace metal; Universities; Water; Work; atmospheric aerosols; base; chemical property; contaminant transport; design; exposed human population; exposure route; improved; indoor exposure; interest; lead contamination; lead exposure; operation; particle; physical property; planetary Atmosphere; portability; predictive modeling; predictive tools; remediation; response; simulation; submicron; superfund site; vapor; wasting

ABSTRACT (Project 1: Sáez, Betterton, Sorooshian) In semiarid environments such as the Southwestern US, mining sites are an important source of airborne metal(loid) contaminants. High-temperature smelting produces vapors that condense to form sub- micron particles which may be transported by wind, while contaminated tailings deposits are susceptible to wind erosion. Dust and aerosol particles mobilize trace metal(loids), which then can accumulate in soils, natural waters, and vegetation, leading to human exposure through inhalation and incidental dust ingestion. In particular, acute and chronic exposures to arsenic and lead, two toxic elements present in many mining sites in arid and semiarid regions around the world, pose significant health risks, including cancer and non-malignant lung diseases. This project is directed towards a comprehensive understanding of the physical and chemical properties of dust and aerosol generated from mining sites, emphasizing their role in the transport of arsenic and lead to the local environment and the associated human health risks. We hypothesize that metal(loid) contaminant transport by atmospheric dust and aerosol from mining sites can be quantified by computational fluid dynamics models based on meteorological conditions and particle size distribution of particle emissions. We will develop these models based on data collected from two Superfund sites in Arizona focusing on the role of aerosol and dust particle size distribution on the fate and transport of contaminants. This is important because smelting in particular appears to concentrate lead and arsenic in sub-micron particles, which are more susceptible to inhalation into the lungs than larger particles. Particle size distribution also plays a role in the transport of particles through the outdoor/indoor barrier, and this will be examined at two Superfund mining sites. Simulations will be complemented by indoor sampling, which will help to establish the risks of indoor exposure to lead and arsenic. The flux and particle size range of dust emissions from contaminated sites will be characterized using a laboratory-scale dust generator and a portable wind tunnel. We will then incorporate source apportionment into the modeling effort to ensure that natural sources of contamination are distinguished from mining sources. The modeling effort will be extended to the assessment of remediation of mine tailings by phytostabilization. Preliminary data gathered at a Superfund site has shown that vegetated plots tend to attenuate dust generation from the tailings by intercepting dust transported by winds and by reducing dust and aerosol emissions. This framework can be generalized to other mining-related sites in Arizona, across the Southwest, and even across the US, to improve our understanding of dust- and aerosol-associated exposure of populations to arsenic, lead and other contaminants, and will be used in UA SRP Biomedical Projects to better understand the effects of this understudied exposure route.

摘要(项目1：S、贝特顿、索罗西安) 在像美国西南部这样的半干旱环境中，矿场是 空气中的金属(类)污染物。高温熔炼产生的蒸汽冷凝形成亚硫酸盐 微米颗粒可能通过风运输，而受污染的尾矿沉积物容易受到 风蚀。粉尘和气溶胶颗粒可以动员微量金属(固体)，然后可以在土壤中积累， 自然水域和植被，导致人类通过吸入和附带的灰尘摄入而暴露。在……里面 特别是，急性和长期暴露于砷和铅，这两种有毒元素存在于#年的许多矿场。 世界各地的干旱和半干旱地区，构成重大的健康风险，包括癌症和非恶性肿瘤 肺部疾病。这个项目是为了全面了解物理和化学 矿场产生的粉尘和气溶胶的特性，强调它们在砷的运输中的作用 并导致当地环境和相关的人类健康风险。我们假设金属(Loid) 矿场大气粉尘和气溶胶的污染物运移可以通过计算来量化 流体动力学模型基于气象条件和颗粒排放的颗粒大小分布。 我们将基于从亚利桑那州两个超级基金网站收集的数据来开发这些模型，重点是角色 气溶胶和尘埃颗粒大小分布对污染物去向和传输的影响。这事很重要 因为冶炼似乎特别将铅和砷浓缩在亚微米颗粒中，而亚微米颗粒 比较大的颗粒物更容易吸入肺部。颗粒大小分布也起到了一定的作用 颗粒通过室外/室内屏障的运输，这将在两个超级基金采矿公司进行检查 网站。室内抽样将补充模拟，这将有助于确定室内空气污染的风险。 暴露在铅和砷中。从污染场地排放的粉尘的通量和颗粒大小范围将 使用实验室规模的粉尘发生器和便携式风洞进行表征。然后我们将把 将污染源分配纳入建模工作，以确保区分自然污染源 来自采矿来源。建模工作将扩展到对尾矿修复的评估，方法是 植物稳定化。在超级基金网站收集的初步数据显示，植被覆盖的地块往往 通过拦截风输送的粉尘，减少粉尘和减少尾矿产生的粉尘 气溶胶排放。这个框架可以推广到亚利桑那州的其他与采矿相关的网站， 西南部，甚至整个美国，以提高我们对与粉尘和气溶胶相关的暴露的理解 人口对砷、铅和其他污染物的敏感性，并将用于UA SRP生物医学项目 更好地理解这种未得到充分研究的暴露途径的影响。