Callousness and Distress Processing: An ERP Investigation of Attention and Emotion in Adolescence.

项目摘要。减少与犯罪有关的公共卫生负担的努力必须包括对以下方面的研究： 反社会行为的危险因素。冷酷无情是一种性格特征，包括冷漠和漠视 对于其他可以在儿童时期识别并赋予慢性，严重反社会的预期风险的人， 行为。1旨在干预有反社会行为风险的青少年的计划对 高冷酷无情的个体，很少有有效的治疗方法被证明可以直接降低性格倾向。 2一个特别有希望的领域是振兴停滞的干预研究工作， 心理学是一个越来越多的关注神经生物学过程有助于精神病理学， 反映在国家精神卫生研究所的研究领域标准（RDoC）倡议。 冷酷无情认为，冷酷无情的人基本的移情缺陷阻碍了规范性的发展。 随着时间的推移，对反社会行为的检查。 青少年的冷酷无情阻碍了有效的早期干预计划的发展， 防止反社会行为。这项研究将探讨与冷漠相关的共情功能障碍 通过多种测量方式，包括行为情绪识别准确性和各种 对表情的电生理反应具体而言，我们将（a）澄清情绪的性质 青少年对特定面部表情的麻木认知缺陷，（B）检查 青少年对反映注意力参与的电生理反应麻木不仁， 面部表情的情感加工，以及（c）调查青春期共情缺陷的特异性 而不是抑制解除的相关特征。重要的是，尽管迄今为止的大多数研究 该项目的重点是已经表现出严重行为问题的青少年， 青少年样本调查这些行为和生理特征是否与 在反社会行为出现之前的冷漠。结果将直接为改进提供信息， 神经生物学信息评估和干预青少年反社会行为的风险。在 此外，通过该奖学金获得的培训经验将为申请人提供富有成效的 学术生涯作为一个独立的发展心理生理学家检查性格特征和早期 反社会行为的风险。

Project Summary. Efforts to reduce public health burdens associated with crime must incorporate research on risk factors for antisocial behavior. Callousness is a dispositional trait involving unemotionality and disregard for others that can be identified in childhood and confers prospective risk for chronic, severe antisocial behavior.1 Programs that aim to intervene with youth at risk for antisocial behavior are less effective for individuals high in callousness, and few effective treatments have been shown to directly reduce dispositional callousness.2 One area of particular promise for revitalizing stalled intervention research efforts across clinical psychology is an increased attention to neurobiological processes contributing to psychopathology, as reflected in the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative.3,4 Theories of callousness posit that basic empathic deficits in callous individuals preclude the development of normative checks on antisocial behavior over time.5 An inadequate understanding of empathic disruptions associated with callousness in adolescence has hampered the development of effective early intervention programs to prevent antisocial behavior. The proposed study will investigate callousness-related empathic dysfunction through multiple measurement modalities, including behavioral emotion recognition accuracy and various electrophysiological responses to affective faces. Specifically, we will (a) clarify the nature of emotion recognition deficits in adolescent callousness with regard to particular facial expressions, (b) examine relations of adolescent callousness to electrophysiological responses reflecting attentional engagement with and affective processing of facial expressions, and (c) investigate the specificity of empathic deficits in adolescence to callousness, over and above the related trait of disinhibition. Importantly, whereas most research to date has focused on youths already demonstrating severe conduct problems, this project will utilize a community adolescent sample to investigate whether these behavioral and physiological features are associated with callousness prior to the emergence of antisocial behavior. Results will directly inform improvements in neurobiologically informed assessment and intervention with adolescents at risk for antisocial behavior. In addition, the training experiences gained through this fellowship will prepare the applicant for a productive academic career as an independent developmental psychophysiologist examining dispositional traits and early risk for antisocial behavior.