Infant motor experience and caregiver perceptions of infant intentionality: Examining transactional processes of development

项目摘要 婴儿的早期运动经历（例如，抓取、爬行、行走）与之后的 成就和能力，包括他们理解和学习他人甚至语言的能力 发展然而，早期运动经验与后来的成就相关的机制是 没有完全理解。父母对孩子的智力和认知能力的看法随着孩子的成长而增加。 发展目睹孩子与环境接触的能力增强， 在他们的孩子作为能够更先进的思维，计划和行动的看法增加。这 这种观念上的改变可能会影响他们与孩子的互动。事实上，母亲们认为 更大的心理能力，他们的婴儿往往表现出更敏感的养育行为，父母提供 根据孩子的运动技能进行不同的输入。因此，早期运动体验和 随后的发展可能部分地由父母的观念和互动的变化来解释。 带着他们的孩子在建议的项目中，我们将研究父母的看法如何与他们的养育有关 行为，以及父母对孩子的看法可能会调解婴儿行为之间的联系。 早期运动经验和随后的发展。在研究1中，我们将首先探讨一种训练 范式，为婴儿提供特定的运动经验以外的他们目前的剧目， 已经显示出增加婴儿的运动技能（即，达到和对象探索），也影响父母的 对孩子的看法。我们预计，婴儿运动技能的变化将与 父母的看法，父母的看法的个体差异将调解之间的关系， 早期的运动经验和后来的技能。在研究2中，我们将操纵父母对孩子的看法- 诱导一个观点，要么高估或低估他们的孩子目前的能力， 了解自己和他人的思想、情感和行为-然后我们将研究这种关系 他们对孩子的不同看法和他们与孩子互动的行为之间的关系。我们预计 那些被诱导高估孩子能力的父母会表现出更敏感和刺激性 与那些被诱导低估孩子能力的人相比，该项目有可能 推进我们对基础发展级联的理解，以深入了解父母-孩子如何 交易过程支持发展，并为婴儿和家庭提供有针对性的干预 他们可能会从额外的支持中受益。

Project Summary Infants’ early motor experiences (e.g., grasping, crawling, walking) are consistently related to later achievements and abilities, including their ability to understand and learn from others and even their language development. However, the mechanisms by which early motor experience is related to later achievements are not fully understood. Parents’ perceptions of their child’s mental and cognitive abilities increase with the child’s development. Witnessing the increased capability of their child’s engagement with the environment may result in increased perception of their child as capable of more advanced thinking, planning, and acting. This proposed shift in perception could then impact their interactions with their child. In fact, mothers who attribute greater mental abilities to their infants tend to exhibit more sensitive parenting behavior, and parents provide differential input depending on their child’s motor skills. Thus, the link between early motor experiences and subsequent development may be, in part, explained by changes in parents’ perceptions of and interactions with their child. In the proposed project we will examine how parents’ perceptions are related to their parenting behavior, and the potential for parents’ perceptions of their children to mediate the association between infants’ early motor experiences and subsequent development. In Study 1, we will first explore whether a training paradigm that provides infants with specific motor experiences outside of their current repertoire, and that has been shown to increase infants’ motor skill (i.e., reaching and object exploration), also impacts parents’ perceptions about their child. We expect that changes in infants’ motor skills will be related to changes in parents’ perceptions, and that individual differences in parents’ perceptions will mediate the relation between early motor experiences and later skills. In Study 2, we will manipulate parents’ perceptions of their child – inducing a perspective that either over estimates or under estimates their child’s current capacity for understanding their own and others’ thoughts, emotions, and agency – and we will then examine the relation between these different perceptions of their child and their behavior in interactions with their child. We expect that those parents induced to over-estimate their child’s ability will show more sensitive and stimulating behavior as compared to those induced to under-estimate their child’s ability. This project has the potential to advance our understanding of a foundational developmental cascade, to provide insight into how parent–child transactional processes support development, and to inform targeted interventions for infants and families whom might benefit from additional support.