Project 3 - The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making: Social Inference and Context

项目3。项目摘要。 这个项目3是从我们目前的Conte中心的项目3衍生而来的。它有我们康特中心唯一的新私家侦探， 加州理工学院院长Mobbs的新教师（2016年夏天从哥伦比亚大学搬来），以及高级 合作伙伴科林·卡默勒它的首要目标是了解社会推理和背景如何引导社会 威胁下的决策，项目2的对应物，研究这些过程如何指导 亲社会的利他主义决策有四个目标，它们从缓冲安全值 其他人，通过调查社会与非社会威胁，调查我们的行为时， 其他人阻碍了我们的目标（与RDoC的“挫折性非奖励”结构密切相关）。最后一个目标， 在项目1和2中，研究个体差异。 与其他项目一样，与采用不同方法调查的目标有密切联系。为 例如，项目4下的目标1将使用杏仁核的单单位记录来研究神经元 应对特定类型的威胁，从基本到社会。这些联系也反映在 项目3，包括PI Adolphs和Hutcherson（来自项目2），O 'Doherty（项目1）和Rutishauser （项目4，为单单元录制环节），以及几位共享博士后和学生。 目标利用PI Mobbs的专业知识来构建更具生态有效性的协议， 在功能磁共振成像环境中使用，有可量化的参数，但捕获相关的生态环境， 真实的世界中的社会威胁。它将在六个功能磁共振成像中测试通过核心2和3招募的60名健康参与者 实验目标1研究了其他人的能力和声誉如何作为缓冲 人身威胁（电击）。目的2研究虚拟觅食任务中的动态决策， 来理解人们的选择如何在社会或非社会威胁下权衡回报概率。目标3 调查社会环境中的挫折性非奖励：当其他人阻止我们的行为时，会引起什么反应？ 目标--以及这一目标如何变化，取决于对方是否有借口或阻止我们。 故意的综合来看，项目1、2和3都是从一个非常具有计算性的框架构建的， 定量任务，到一个更标准的社会神经科学框架，到一个最大化生态的框架 效度它们都涉及健康人的功能磁共振成像研究，并且它们都与项目4下的目标有联系 和/或将研究扩展到单个单元研究或病变研究的5个。

Project 3. Project Summary. This Project 3 derives from Project 3 in our current Conte Center. It has the only new PI in our Conte Center, new faculty at Caltech Dean Mobbs (moving from Columbia University in summer, 2016), together with senior Co-PI Colin Camerer. Its overarching goal is to understand how social inference and context guide social decisions under threat, a counterpart to Project 2, which investigates how these processes instead guide prosocial altruistic decisions. There are four Aims, which trace this theme from the buffering safety value of other people, through investigations of social versus nonsocial threat, to investigations of how we behave when other people block our goals (closely related to the RDoC construct of “frustrative non-reward”). The last Aim, as in Projects 1 and 2, investigates individual differences. As with the other Projects, there are close links to Aims investigated with different approaches. For instance, Aim 1 under Project 4 will use single-unit recordings from the amygdala to investigate neuronal responses to specific types of threat, from basic to social. These links are also reflected in the personnel of Project 3, which includes PIs Adolphs and Hutcherson (from Project 2), O'Doherty (Project 1), and Rutishauser (Project 4, for the single-unit recording link), as well as several shared post-docs and students. The Aims leverage the expertise of PI Mobbs in constructing more ecologically valid protocols that can be used in the fMRI environment, have quantifiable parameters, but capture ecological contexts related to social threat in the real world. It will test 60 healthy participants recruited through Cores 2 and 3 in six fMRI experiments. Aim 1 investigates how the competence and reputation of other people can serve as a buffer against physical threats (electric shock). Aim 2 investigates dynamic decision-making in a virtual foraging task, to understand how people's choices trade reward probabilies against social or nonsocial threats. Aim 3 investigates frustrative nonreward in a social setting: what responses are elicited when other people block our goals-- and how this may vary depending on whether or not the other person has an excuse or is blocking us intentionally. Taken together, Projects 1, 2 and 3 build from a very computational framework with very quantitative tasks, to a more standard social neuroscience framework, to a framework maximizing ecological validity. They all involve fMRI studies in healthy people, and they all have links to Aims under Projects 4 and/or 5 that extend the investigation to single-unit studies or lesion studies.