Understanding the Benefits of Optical Nerve Stimulators for Neural Interfaces

了解视神经刺激器对神经接口的好处

• 批准号: 9933646
• 负责人: CLAUS-PETER RICHTER
• 金额: $ 14.72万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-15 至 2021-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9933646
• 关键词: Acoustics; Action Potentials; Auditory; Auditory Brainstem Responses; Auditory system; Biological Models; Bionics; Cavia; Chronic; Clinical Research; Clip; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Code; Collaborations; Communication; Development; Devices; Dimensions; Electric Capacitance; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Environment; Evaluation; Felis catus; Furosemide; Goals; Head; Heating; Histology; Human; Hybrids; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Industry; Inferior Colliculus; Intravenous; Kanamycin; Labyrinth; Lasers; Light; Location; Measures; Mechanics; Methods; Modeling; Modification; Music; Nerve; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Pattern; Penetration; Performance; Photons; Physiologic pulse; Population; Preparation; Radiation; Ramp; Rattus; Risk; Safety; Scala Tympani; Shapes; Side; Source; Stimulus; System; Temperature; Testing; Time; Tissues; Water; Width; Work; base; behavioral response; biomaterial compatibility; deaf; design; experimental study; falls; ganglion cell; implantation; improved; in vivo evaluation; intraperitoneal; neural prosthesis; neural stimulation; neuroprosthesis; novel; optical fiber; optogenetics; postoperative recovery; prototype; radiation delivery; relating to nervous system; response; sciatic nerve; speech recognition; spiral ganglion

Project Summary / Abstract The goal for neuroprostheses is to restore neural function to a condition having the fidelity of a healthy system. However, contemporary neural prostheses, including cochlear implants, are not able to achieve this goal. The devices use electrical current to stimulate the neurons, which spreads in the tissue and consequently does not allow stimulation of focused neuron populations. Therefore, high fidelity stimulation is not possible. In our model system, the cochlea, it has been argued that the performance of cochlear implant users could be increased significantly if more discrete non-overlapping locations of neurons situated along the electrode could be stimulated simultaneously. This might be possible with devices that use focal optical radiation to stimulate neurons. Today we know that infrared neural stimulation (INS) is possible, that stimulation rates can be achieved that allow encoding of acoustic information, that the spatial selectivity in the cochlea is more selective than electrical stimulation, and that single channel stimulation in chronic experiments shows no functional damage of the cochlea over at least six weeks. The developments proposed in this R01 are a logical progression of previous experiments. The aims include the fabrication and testing of hybrid opto-electrical arrays to be surgically inserted into a cat cochlea and showing that each channel of multichannel INS can independently encode information to be perceived by the auditory system. Recordings from the inferior colliculus will be used to construct spatial tuning curves (STCs). Non-overlapping STCs indicate separation of the channels. The stimulation pattern will be changed systematically until an optimum match is achieved between and acoustically evoked response and the response obtained from the coding strategy. Long-term stimulation after chronic implantation of a multi-channel device into a cat cochlea will determine the safety. Strategies such as combined opto-electrical stimulation or shaping the optical pulses can reduce the power required for optical stimulation and will be explored. Results will be confirmed through histology. At the conclusion of this project, a prototype human optical cochlear implant will be available for a clinical study based on the physical and the optical requirements.

项目摘要 /摘要 神经假体的目的是将神经功能恢复到具有健康系统保真度的状况。 但是，当代神经假体（包括人工耳蜗）无法实现这一目标。这 设备使用电流来刺激神经元，该神经元扩散在组织中，因此不会 允许刺激聚焦的神经元种群。因此，不可能高保真刺激。在我们的 模型系统，即耳蜗，有人认为人工耳蜗用户的性能可能是 如果位于电极的神经元的更离散的非重叠位置可以显着增加 同时刺激。使用焦距光辐射刺激的设备可能是可能的 神经元。今天，我们知道红外神经刺激（INS）是可能的，刺激率可以是 实现了允许编码声学信息的实现，耳蜗中的空间选择性更具选择性 而不是电刺激，并且在慢性实验中的单个通道刺激显示没有功能 耳蜗损坏至少六个星期。 R01中提出的发展是合乎逻辑的 先前实验的进展。目的包括制造和测试杂交光电极 将要通过手术插入猫耳蜗的阵列，并表明多通道INS的每个通道都可以 独立编码听觉系统感知的信息。劣等记录 Colliculus将用于构建空间调节曲线（STC）。非重叠的STC表示分离 频道。刺激模式将系统地更改，直到达到最佳匹配 之间和声学诱发的响应以及从编码策略中获得的响应。长期 慢性植入多通道装置后，刺激将其确定安全。 诸如光电刺激或塑造光脉冲等策略可以降低功率 光刺激所需的并将探讨。结果将通过组织学证实。在 结论该项目，原型人类光学耳蜗植入物将用于临床研究 关于物理和光学要求。