Stress, Arousal and Mood: Affective Influences on Decisions under Uncertainty

压力、唤醒和情绪：不确定性下决策的情感影响

• 批准号: 10199987
• 负责人: Elizabeth Anya Phelps
• 金额: $ 44.61万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10199987
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Affect; Affective; Aftercare; Animals; Arousal; Behavior; Behavioral; Chronic stress; Clinical; Cognition; Complex; Decision Making; Drug usage; Eating; Ecology; Economic Models; Emotions; Event; Gambling; Health; Human; Individual; Intuition; Investigation; Knowledge; Link; Measures; Mediating; Moods; Nature; Outcome; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Probability; Process; Property; Recommendation; Research; Risk; Risk Assessment; Role; Science; Scientist; Specific qualifier value; Stimulus; Stress; Substance Addiction; Substance abuse problem; System; Techniques; Time; Uncertainty; acute stress; addiction; cost; food resource; insight; neuroeconomics; relating to nervous system; social; substance use

Project Summary Substance addiction is characterized by compulsive and destructive choices. Decisions regarding substance use are fundamentally decisions of uncertainty regarding the negative or positive consequences that may arise. The proposed research will identify and manipulate affective factors that may play a role in decisions under uncertainty. Bringing together insights, expertise and techniques from affective science, neuroeconomics and addiction, we will systematically explore and characterize how specific affect variables modulate discrete decision processes that may be particularly common in decisions involving substance use. Specifically, we will both assess and manipulate specific components of affect – arousal, stress, and mood -- to characterize how they may uniquely modulate three quantifiable, independent variables that contribute to decisions under uncertainty. The significance of the proposed research lies in the premise that if we can more accurately characterize the impact of affective factors on decision-making, we can use this knowledge to develop more effective means to influence choices concerning substance use. Specific Aim 1 will examine how transient arousal to the choice options, acute stress and mood may independently influence sensitivity to risk and ambiguity. Research finds that individuals are more averse to ambiguity than risk, preferring gambles with known probabilities over gambles with unknown probabilities. Decisions regarding substance use are by their nature risky and some choices more ambiguous in that the choice outcome has unknown probabilities. The proposed research examines how arousal, mood and stress independently modulate sensitivity to risk and ambiguity. Specific Aim 2 will assess how arousal, acute and chronic stress and mood modulates assessments of uncertainty in sequential decisions, specifically whether one should persist in a current course of action, or desist and pursue alternatives. The decision of whether to persist or desist is fundamentally captured in foraging decisions. The concept of foraging comes from behavioral ecology and is used to describe how animals decide to either persist in exploiting a current, depleting food resource (or patch), or desist and search for a new, uncertain, but potentially more abundant food resource at a cost of time and effort. Importantly, the basic principles of foraging have been shown to capture a range of complex human decisions, and may extend to drug use when choosing whether to stay or persist with substance abuse behavior or desist and try an alternative course of action. Across domains, optimal foraging decisions are characterized by the marginal value theorem (MVT), which allows the assessment of how different affect variables contribute to optimal, or non-optimal choices. Specific Aim 3 outlines an exploratory investigation of how an addicted population differentially responds to decisions under uncertainty pre and post-treatment.

项目摘要 物质成瘾的特征是强迫性和破坏性的选择。关于物质使用的决定基本上是关于可能产生的消极或积极后果的不确定性决定。拟议中的研究将确定和操纵情感因素，可能会在不确定性下的决策中发挥作用。汇集来自情感科学，神经经济学和成瘾的见解，专业知识和技术，我们将系统地探索和表征特定的影响变量如何调节离散的决策过程，这些决策过程在涉及物质使用的决策中可能特别常见。具体来说，我们将评估和操纵情绪的特定组成部分-唤醒，压力和情绪-以描述它们如何独特地调节三个可量化的独立变量，这些变量有助于在不确定性下做出决策。这项研究的意义在于，如果我们能够更准确地描述情感因素对决策的影响，我们就可以利用这些知识来开发更有效的手段来影响有关物质使用的选择。具体目标1将研究选择选项的短暂唤醒，急性压力和情绪如何独立地影响对风险和模糊性的敏感性。研究发现，个人更厌恶模糊性而不是风险，更喜欢概率已知的赌博而不是概率未知的赌博。关于药物使用的决定本质上是有风险的，有些选择更模糊，因为选择结果具有未知的概率。这项拟议中的研究探讨了唤醒、情绪和压力如何独立地调节对风险和模糊性的敏感性。具体目标2将评估唤醒，急性和慢性压力和情绪如何调节连续决策中的不确定性评估，特别是一个人是否应该坚持当前的行动方针，或者停止并寻求替代方案。是坚持还是停止的决定基本上是在觅食决定中捕获的。觅食的概念来自行为生态学，用来描述动物如何决定继续利用当前正在耗尽的食物资源（或补丁），或者停止并以时间和精力为代价寻找新的，不确定的，但可能更丰富的食物资源。重要的是，觅食的基本原则已被证明可以捕获一系列复杂的人类决策，并且可以扩展到药物使用，当选择是否继续或坚持药物滥用行为或停止并尝试其他行动时。跨域，最佳觅食决策的特点是边际价值定理（MVT），它允许评估不同的影响变量如何有助于最佳或非最佳的选择。具体目标3概述了一个探索性的调查，成瘾人群如何不同的不确定性治疗前和治疗后的决定。

项目成果

Neither Threat of Shock nor Acute Psychosocial Stress Affects Ambiguity Attitudes.

• DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00109-6
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: AFFECTIVE SCIENCE
• 作者: Sambrano, Deshawn Chatman;Lormestoire, Arlene;Raio, Candace;Glimcher, Paul;Phelps, Elizabeth A.
• 通讯作者: Phelps, Elizabeth A.

Trait Intolerance of Uncertainty Is Associated with Decreased Reappraisal Capacity and Increased Suppression Tendency.

• DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00115-8
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: AFFECTIVE SCIENCE
• 作者: Shu, Jocelyn;Ochsner, Kevin N. N.;Phelps, Elizabeth A. A.
• 通讯作者: Phelps, Elizabeth A. A.

Synchronized Incidental Affect Changes Ambiguity Preferences.

同步的偶然影响改变了歧义偏好。

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3873970/v1
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Research square
• 作者: Sambrano,Deshawn;Dong,Bryan;Glimcher,Paul;Phelps,ElizabethA
• 通讯作者: Phelps,ElizabethA

A Case for Translation From the Clinic to the Laboratory.

• DOI: 10.1177/17456916211039852
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 12.6
• 作者: Kredlow, M. Alexandra;de Voogd, Lycia D.;Phelps, Elizabeth A.
• 通讯作者: Phelps, Elizabeth A.