The Effect of Antenatal Maternal Cannabis Use on Parenting Behavior

项目摘要 随着美国大麻政策向自由化转变，成人使用的规范和行为 以实物形式转移。这包括父母使用，这种使用的频率和流行程度都在增加。虽然某些赤字 在使用大麻的父母的孩子中发现，这些协会本质上受到 父母和儿童的社会环境的混淆，和潜在的因果推理一直是有限的。 父母报告说，使用大麻是为了应对压力，但大麻和压力之间的关系是复杂的， 取决于社会背景。父母使用大麻的模式反映了现有的健康不平等。 理论社会流行病学模型表明，药物使用作为一种压力应对机制， 反映了卫生不公平现象和卫生差距的原因，这种情况可能会进一步加剧， 的代际效应。发展心理学的理论模型和经验证据 强调药物使用、压力和社会环境对养育子女的重要和相互作用。 这个指导研究科学家发展奖（K 01）将支持候选人的职业生涯 发展成为一个独立的跨学科研究人员在可改变的因素，产生差距， 在整个生命过程中药物使用、治疗和后果方面的不公平。该奖项将支持 候选人的短期目标是了解大麻相关危害的代际传播。这 应用程序旨在帮助更清楚地了解不同家庭之间的复杂关系， 社会环境，母亲使用大麻，养育行为，以及母婴关系 产后六个月具体目标是：1）了解产妇使用大麻对前六个月的影响。 产后3个月对亲职行为和母婴互动的影响 在压力、大麻使用和养育之间的关系中存在歧视;以及3）描述动机 通过定性访谈了解产妇使用大麻的情况。研究目的将在一个前瞻性的探讨 使用大麻的孕妇纵向队列，跟踪母亲和婴儿直至一岁 产后将使用定性和定量技术评估结果，包括访谈， 调查、行为观察和生物标志物测量。通过专注于多层次的可修改 对母亲使用大麻、养育子女和母婴关系的影响，包括行为和 生物途径，这项研究的结果有可能提供独特的机会，以解决 在围绕成人大麻使用的社会和法律的规范不断变化的背景下的孕产妇和儿童健康。这 研究旨在解决NIDA战略计划的目标4.1，以确定药物使用的影响 对个人、家庭、同伴和社会的影响。培训计划旨在为 候选人的职业生涯作为一个跨学科的研究人员在物质使用，补充她的背景， 社会流行病学和二级数据分析，并接受压力研究和初级数据收集方面的培训。

PROJECT SUMMARY As United States cannabis policy shifts toward liberalization, norms and behaviors around adult use have shifted in kind. This includes parent use, which is increasing in frequency and prevalence. While certain deficits have been found in children of parents who use cannabis, these associations are inherently subject to confounding by parents and children’s social environments, and potential for causal inference has been limited. Parents report using for stress-coping, but the relationship between cannabis and stress is complex and highly dependent on social context. Patterns of cannabis use among parents mirror existing health inequities. Theoretical social epidemiologic models suggest that drug use as a stress-coping mechanism is both a reflection of health inequities and cause of health disparities, which may be further exacerbated in the context of intergenerational effects. Theoretical models and empirical evidence from developmental psychology underline the important and interacting roles of substance use, stress and the social environment on parenting. This Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) will support the Candidate’s career development as an independent interdisciplinary researcher in modifiable factors that produce disparities and inequities in substance use, treatment and consequences across the life course. The award will support the Candidate’s short-term goal of understanding the intergenerational transmission of cannabis-related harm. This application aims to contribute a clearer understanding of the complex relationships between diverse families’ social environments, maternal cannabis use, parenting behaviors, and the maternal-infant relationship in the six months postpartum. Specific aims are to 1) understand the impact of maternal cannabis use in the first six months postpartum on parenting behaviors and maternal-infant interaction; 2) understand the influence of discrimination in the relationship between stress, cannabis use and parenting; and 3) characterize motivations for maternal cannabis use through qualitative interviews. Research aims will be explored in a prospective longitudinal cohort of pregnant women who use cannabis, following mothers and infants until one year postpartum. Outcomes will be assessed using qualitative and quantitative techniques, including interviews, surveys, behavioral observation, and biomarker measurement. By focusing on multiple levels of modifiable influence on maternal cannabis use, parenting and the maternal-infant relationship, including behavioral and biological pathways, results from this research have the potential to provide unique opportunities to address maternal and child health in the context of shifting social and legal norms surrounding adult cannabis use. This research is designed to address the Objective 4.1 of NIDA’s strategic plan to determine the impact of drug use and addiction on individuals, families, peers and society. The training plan is designed to prepare the Candidate for a career as an interdisciplinary researcher in substance use by supplementing her background in social epidemiology and secondary data analysis with training in stress research and primary data collection.