Evolution of pathogen avoidance behavior and downstream effects on physiological resistance

病原体回避行为的演变及其对生理抵抗力的下游影响

• 批准号: 10389554
• 负责人: Caroline Amoroso
• 金额: $ 6.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10389554
• 关键词: Address; Animal Behavior; Animal Model; Animals; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Biology; COVID-19 pandemic; Caenorhabditis elegans; Chemicals; Collaborations; Complex; Costs and Benefits; Cues; Disease; Disease Resistance; Ecology; Effectiveness of Interventions; Empirical Research; Epidemiology; Evolution; Failure; Feedback; Fellowship; Foundations; Gatekeeping; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genetic Variation; Habitats; Host Defense; Human; Hygiene; Infection; Knowledge; Laboratories; Linkage Disequilibrium; Literature; Measures; Mentorship; Modeling; Outcome; Pattern; Phenotype; Physiological; Play; Population Genetics; Process; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Resistance; Resources; Risk; Role; Scheme; Scientist; Serratia marcescens; Shapes; Social Distance; Supervision; System; Technical Expertise; Testing; Thinking; Training; Universities; Variant; Virginia; Virulence; Work; avoidance behavior; cost; disorder risk; emerging pathogen; experimental study; fitness; mathematical model; novel strategies; pandemic disease; pathogen; pathogenic bacteria; preemptive intervention; pressure; prevent; response; skills; social; social structure; success; theories; trait

Project Summary Avoidance is a form of host defense against pathogens that reduces the risk of initial contact between host and pathogen. Avoidance behaviors represent an animal's first line of defense against pathogens and play a primary role in determining whether and how a host-pathogen interaction will proceed. Yet avoidance has not been studied within the rich theoretical framework that has been built for other forms of defenses against pathogens, such as physiological resistance. Both avoidance and resistance reduce infection, and thus it could be argued that the extensive literature on resistance can be simply extended to predict the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of avoidance. However, avoidance may evolve differently from resistance, especially if the costs of avoidance are lower or more variable. Moreover, as the gatekeeper of the host-pathogen interaction, avoidance is likely to have downstream effects on the strength of selection on resistance. Predictions about the primary role of avoidance in determining host-pathogen interactions have proven challenging to test because avoidance and resistance are hard to separate empirically: infection outcomes are a product of both. This research addresses these knowledge gaps by combining theoretical and empirical research to generate and test predictions for the evolution of avoidance and resistance as components of a `defense cascade.' Theoretical approaches will generate predictions for the evolutionary processes that govern avoidance and its association with resistance (Aim 1). Experiments will be conducted in a tractable system in which avoidance and resistance not only can be measured separately, but also can be evolved separately: the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens. Assays and experimental selection schemes will characterize the fitness costs and benefits of avoidance relative to resistance (Aim 2), and examine the evolution of defense modes separately and in combination (Aim 3). Together, this approach will break down the steps of the defense cascade, establishing a critical foundation for understanding the evolution of avoidance and its downstream impacts on resistance evolution. This research will use a novel approach to bridge the gap between behavioral ecology and evolutionary theory of pathogen defenses, laying a foundation to address questions relevant to public health decisions surrounding avoidance behaviors. Through the proposed research, the Trainee will develop technical skills for complex mathematical modeling and maintaining a C. elegans laboratory. The Trainee will also focus on professional skills such as mentorship and collaboration. The training will take place in the Department of Biology at the University of Virginia, under the supervision of two successful co-sponsors who will contribute diverse perspectives, and have the resources to support the Trainee. Through this fellowship, the Trainee will build on her strong and productive background to reach her full potential as an independent scientist and leader in her field.

项目摘要 回避是宿主对病原体的一种防御形式，可降低宿主与病原体之间初次接触的风险。 病原体回避行为是动物抵抗病原体的第一道防线， 在确定宿主-病原体相互作用是否以及如何进行中起主要作用。然而，回避并没有 在为其他形式的防御而建立的丰富的理论框架内进行了研究， 病原体，如生理抗性。避免和抵抗都减少了感染，因此它可以 可以认为，广泛的文献抗性可以简单地扩展到预测生态和 避免的进化动力学。然而，回避可能与抵抗不同，特别是如果 规避的成本较低或变化较大。此外，作为宿主-病原体的看门人， 在相互作用中，回避可能对抗性选择的强度产生下游影响。 关于回避在决定宿主-病原体相互作用中的主要作用的预测已经被证明 测试具有挑战性，因为逃避和抵抗很难从经验上分开：感染的结果是 两者的产物。本研究通过理论和实证相结合的方法来解决这些知识差距 研究产生和测试预测的演变回避和阻力的组成部分， “防御级联。“理论方法将产生对进化过程的预测， 回避及其与抗性的关联（目的1）。实验将在一个易于处理的系统中进行， 这种回避和抵抗不仅可以单独测量，而且可以单独进化： 模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫和细菌病原体粘质沙雷氏菌。测定和 实验选择方案将表征相对于以下因素的避免的适应性成本和收益： 抵抗力（目标2），并检查防御模式的演变单独和组合（目标3）。 总而言之，这种方法将分解防御级联的步骤，为 了解回避的进化及其对抗性进化的下游影响。本研究 将使用一种新的方法来弥合行为生态学和病原体进化理论之间的差距 防御，奠定基础，以解决有关问题的公共卫生决策周围避免 行为。通过拟议的研究，培训生将发展复杂的数学技能， 建模和维护C. elegans实验室培训生还将专注于专业技能，如 指导和协作。培训将在哥伦比亚大学生物系进行。 弗吉尼亚州，在两个成功的共同赞助商的监督下，他们将提供不同的观点， 有足够的资源来支持学员。通过这个奖学金，学员将建立在她强大的， 富有成效的背景，以充分发挥她作为一个独立的科学家和领导者在她的领域的潜力。