Brain basis and neural circuitry of habit-like attention in infants and adults

婴儿和成人习惯性注意力的大脑基础和神经回路

• 批准号: 10389739
• 负责人: Mary Fiona Molloy
• 金额: $ 3.48万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-14 至 2025-07-13
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10389739
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Basal Ganglia; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Bayesian Modeling; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Birth; Brain; Categories; Child; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive deficits; Corpus striatum structure; Cues; Data; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Early Intervention; Elderly; Ensure; Environment; Face; Fingerprint; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Habits; Health; Human; Huntington Disease; Hyperactivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Intervention; Learning; Life; Longevity; Machine Learning; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Neuroanatomy; Parietal; Parkinson Disease; Pathway interactions; Performance; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Resources; Rest; Risk Factors; Role; Scanning; Screening procedure; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; System; Taxonomy; Techniques; Testing; Visual; Visual attention; Visual system structure; Work; age group; attentional bias; attentional control; base; behavioral outcome; connectome; design; directed attention; experience; frontal lobe; human old age (65+); improved; individual variation; infancy; neural circuit; neural network; neurodevelopment; neuroimaging; novel; recruit; relating to nervous system; response; visual stimulus

Project Summary/ Abstract The brain has the ability to filter and prioritize a cacophony of often extraneous visual stimuli via a mechanism called attention. Attentional control is present even at birth and is tuned throughout development. Traditionally, attention is thought to be guided by either a goal-driven mechanism (top-down, supported by fronto-parietal brain networks) or a stimulus-driven mechanism (bottom-up, supported by visual networks). These mechanisms also follow distinct developmental trajectories where top-down attention reaches maturity slower than bottom-up attention due to the delay of frontal cortex development. However, recent work has highlighted a type of attention that does not fit within this dichotomy: one driven by prior experience (i.e., selection history) that can be characterized as a habit. This habit-like attention demonstrates behavioral inflexibility, deficits in attentional and basal ganglia disorders, and is present throughout the lifespan from infancy to old age. Despite extensive behavioral research, the underlying neural circuitry is debated in adults, and unknown in infants and children. Here, we aim to characterize the neural underpinnings of habit-like attention to elucidate how prior experience can bias attention as early as infancy. We hypothesize that this newly identified mechanism of attention is driven by subcortical structures. We will utilize neuroimaging—task-based (using a contextual cueing paradigm), structural (diffusion-weighted imaging), and functional (resting state) connectivity—in both healthy adults (18+) and infants (6—10 months). We will utilize state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques with specialized protocols for infants and for adults and hierarchical Bayesian modeling to ensure robust individual estimation of neural activity to Aim 1: Identify the neural structures that support habitual attention. Further, we will relate predict individual neural organization from structural and functional connectivity to individual behavior using machine learning to Aim 2: Characterize the prototypical infant and adult dynamics between cortico-striatal circuitry and relate each individual’s connectivity fingerprints to the strength of their attentional habits a) within their age group b) between their age groups. Elucidating the neural underpinnings of habit-like attention may allow us to better understand, identify, and treat cognitive deficits in attention related-disorders in children, and Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases later in life. Moreover, this work will characterize individual differences in attentional habits from early in development and may reveal ways to improve attentional habits in both children and adults. This proposal has the necessary resources and well-matched team to uncover the neural basis of habit-like attention, which has exciting implications for early prediction and potential interventions for future attentional deficits.

项目概要/摘要 大脑有能力通过一种机制过滤和优先处理通常无关的视觉刺激的噪音 叫注意。注意力控制甚至在出生时就存在，并在整个发育过程中进行调整。传统上， 人们认为注意力是由目标驱动机制（自上而下，由额顶叶支持）引导的 大脑网络）或刺激驱动机制（自下而上，由视觉网络支持）。这些 机制也遵循不同的发展轨迹，自上而下的注意力成熟得较慢 由于额叶皮层发育延迟，注意力比自下而上的注意力更重要。然而，最近的工作强调 一种不符合这种二分法的注意力：由先前经验（即选择历史）驱动的注意力 这可以被描述为一种习惯。这种类似习惯的注意力表明行为不灵活，缺乏 注意力和基底神经节疾病，并且存在于从婴儿期到老年的整个生命周期中。尽管 经过广泛的行为研究，潜在的神经回路在成人中存在争议，而在婴儿和婴儿中则未知。 孩子们。在这里，我们的目标是描述习惯性注意力的神经基础，以阐明先前的注意力是如何产生的。 早在婴儿期，经验就会使注意力产生偏差。我们假设这种新发现的机制 注意力是由皮层下结构驱动的。我们将利用基于任务的神经影像学（使用上下文 提示范式）、结构（扩散加权成像）和功能（静息状态）连接——两者 健康成人（18 岁以上）和婴儿（6-10 个月）。我们将利用最先进的神经影像技术 针对婴儿和成人的专门协议以及分层贝叶斯模型，以确保稳健的个体 目标 1 的神经活动估计：识别支持习惯性注意力的神经结构。 此外，我们还将预测个体神经组织的结构和功能连接与 使用机器学习实现个体行为目标 2：表征典型婴儿和成人的特征 皮质纹状体电路之间的动态，并将每个人的连接指纹与 他们的注意力习惯的强度 a) 在他们的年龄组内 b) 在他们的年龄组之间。阐明 习惯性注意力的神经基础可能使我们能够更好地理解、识别和治疗认知 儿童注意力缺陷相关疾病，以及晚年的亨廷顿病和帕金森病。 此外，这项工作将从发育早期和早期阶段开始描述注意力习惯的个体差异。 可能会揭示改善儿童和成人注意力习惯的方法。这个提案有必要 资源和匹配的团队揭示了习惯性注意力的神经基础，这令人兴奋 对早期预测和未来注意力缺陷潜在干预措施的影响。