Promoting health by understanding risk and protective factors for substance use among Latino youth in rural and small town communities in the United States

摘要 美国小城镇和农村社区的人口构成发生了巨大变化， 部分原因是大量拉丁裔家庭的移民。让社区支持他们的健康 成员，他们必须能够加强促进青年积极发展的因素（保护因素） 并减少阻碍它的因素（风险因素）。然而，人们对风险和弹性的了解， from research研究on urban城市communities社区.很少有纵向研究拉美裔人在成长的 美国农村，没有足够的数据来了解物质使用（SU）的病因，健康模式 在SU的差异，以及影响他们的健康和福祉作为年轻人的因素。我们对这一点知之甚少。 拉丁美洲种族，移民身份和农村背景的交叉性，以及这些如何与 健康差距的发展机制。这种知识差距限制了预防和干预 服务，因为预防科学范式取决于准确识别风险和保护因素 （RPF）并制定针对这些因素的预防计划，以减少问题行为。本 应用程序利用现有的丰富的纵向数据，从童年到成年早期， 对农村拉丁裔青年的健康和福祉的影响。利用这些现有数据，我们将研究健康 （a）第三代农村拉丁美洲人和非拉丁美洲人之间在药物使用和相关RPF方面的差异 白色青年，以及（B）第一、第二或第三代移民的农村拉丁裔青年（即，子女 移民或美国-生父母）。在用于三角测量和验证的补充分析中，我们将使用 国家横截面数据，并检查RPF与酒精，烟草， 按居住类型（农村与小型和大型都会区）分列的拉丁裔青年使用大麻和其他毒品的情况 在纵向研究对应的历史时间点和年龄范围。调查结果将提供 关于美国农村地区拉丁裔青年的风险和保护过程的严格科学证据。 这可能会导致预防工作，以减少物质使用和其他健康风险行为的健康差异 在年轻的成年人，并可能减少严重疾病的差距在以后的生活过程中。

Abstract The demographic composition of small towns and rural communities in the U.S. has changed dramatically, in part because of the large in-migration of Latino families. For communities to support the health of their members, they must be able to reinforce factors that promote positive youth development (protective factors) and abate factors that hinder it (risk factors). However, much of what is known about risk and resilience comes from research on urban communities. There has been little longitudinal research on Latinos growing up in the rural U.S., and none with sufficient data to understand the etiology of substance use (SU), patterns of health disparities in SU, and factors influencing their health and wellbeing as young adults. We know little about the intersectionality of Latino ethnicity, immigrant status, and rural context and how these relate to the developmental mechanisms of health disparities. This knowledge gap limits prevention and intervention services, as the prevention science paradigm depends on accurately identifying risk and protective factors (RPFs) and developing prevention programs targeting these factors to reduce problem behaviors. The present application capitalizes on existing rich longitudinal data spanning childhood through early adulthood to examine influences on health and well-being of rural Latino youth. Using this existing data, we will examine health disparities in substance use and associated RPFs (a) between 3rd-generation rural Latino and non-Latino White youth, and (b) among rural Latino youth who are 1st-, 2nd- or 3rd-generation immigrants (i.e., children of immigrant or U.S.-born parents). In the supplemental analyses used for triangulation and validation, we will use national cross-sectional data and examine differences in the association between RPFs and alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drug use for Latino youth by the type of residence (rural vs. small and large metro areas) at the historical time points and age ranges corresponding to the longitudinal study. Findings will provide rigorous scientific evidence regarding risk and protective processes for Latino youth in rural areas of the U.S. that may lead to prevention efforts to reduce health disparities in substance use and other health risk behaviors in young adulthood, and potentially reduce disparities in serious illness later in the life course.