Regulation and Targeting of HIV-1 Integrase-RNA Interactions

HIV-1 整合酶-RNA 相互作用的调控和靶向

• 批准号: 10402641
• 负责人: Sebla B. Kutluay
• 金额: $ 47.25万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2026-11-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10402641
• 关键词: Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antiviral Agents; Binding; Biochemical; Biological Assay; C-terminal; CRISPR screen; Capsid; Cells; Clinical; Complement; Complex; Data; Defect; Dependence; Development; Distal; Drug resistance; Electron Microscopy; Electrostatics; Ensure; Enzymes; Evolution; Funding; Generations; Genome; Goals; Guide RNA; HIV-1; Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy; Human Activities; In Vitro; Innate Immune Response; Integrase; Integrase Inhibitors; Kinetics; Knowledge; Life Cycle Stages; Location; Mediating; Molecular; Morphogenesis; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Nature; Nucleic Acids; Nucleocapsid; Outcome; Pathogenesis; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Publishing; RNA; RNA Binding; RNA Degradation; RNA Recognition Motif; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Regulation; Reporting; Resistance; Reverse Transcription; Role; Sampling; Small Interfering RNA; Specificity; Testing; Therapeutic; Vaccines; Variant; Viral; Viral Genome; Virion; Virus; Virus Replication; Work; base; experimental study; inhibitor; mutant; novel; particle; physical separation; premature; therapeutic development; therapeutic target; tool; viral RNA

Abstract The emergence of drug resistant human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) variants and the lack of an effective vaccine require the development of novel anti-retroviral drugs. The catalytic activity of HIV-1 integrase (IN) has been successfully targeted by several highly effective and well tolerated IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). However, despite high barriers with the second-generation INSTIs, mutations conferring resistance to multiple INSTIs have been reported in clinical settings. Thus, targeting IN through an alternative mechanism can complement the existing therapeutic strategies and substantially increase the barrier to emergence of drug resistant HIV-1 variants upon INSTI treatment. IN has long been known to have an enigmatic non-catalytic function in the HIV-1 life cycle. Certain mutations in IN, collectively referred to as class II mutations, are reportedly pleiotropic and result in defects in viral particle assembly, maturation and reverse transcription. In a paradigm-shifting study, we have discovered that HIV-1 IN binds to the viral RNA genome (gRNA) in virions and that this interaction is critically important for accurate virion morphogenesis. Inhibition of IN-gRNA interactions through allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) or class II IN substitutions results in the formation of aberrant “eccentric” particles with the gRNA is mislocalized between the empty capsid (CA) lattice and the viral envelope. Furthermore, we have shown that IN tetramerization is critical for RNA-binding and that a number of class II IN substitutions located throughout IN inhibit RNA binding through modulation of IN tetramerization. Finally, work from our lab demonstrated that premature degradation of the gRNA and its physical separation from the reverse transcriptase enzyme in virions underlies the reverse transcription defects of eccentric particles in target cells. Importantly, this untimely gRNA degradation is not due to inhibition of IN-gRNA interactions per se, but rather due to loss of protection with the CA lattice, as a similar outcome was observed upon CA destabilization. Together, these studies cemented the role of IN-gRNA interactions in virion maturation and demonstrated the critical importance of the CA lattice in protection of viral nucleic acids in target cells. Based on these novel findings and extensive preliminary data, we propose to elucidate the nature and rules of HIV-1 IN-gRNA interactions, how IN binding to the gRNA mediates proper assembly of the HIV-1 capsid lattice and how infected cells sense and respond to aberrant particles generated upon inhibition of IN-gRNA interactions and destabilization of the CA lattice. These studies will fill a critical gap in our understanding of the critical noncatalytic function of HIV-1 IN in particle maturation and the consequences of inhibiting these interactions. Together, this project will not only enhance our basic knowledge of HIV-1 replication but also aid in the development of novel antivirals that can complement INSTI-based therapies in clinical settings.

抽象的 抗药性人类免疫缺陷病毒类型1（HIV-1）变体的出现，缺乏 有效的疫苗需要开发新的抗逆转录病毒药物。 HIV-1的催化活性 积分酶（in）已通过几种高效且在链转移中良好的耐受性成功地针对 抑制剂（Instis）。但是，第二代工厂的任务高障碍，突变会议 在临床环境中已经报道了对多个学院的抵抗力。那是通过替代方案瞄准的 机制可以完成现有的治疗策略，并大大增加障碍 insti治疗后，耐药HIV-1变体的出现。 长期以来，IN在HIV-1生命周期中具有神秘的非催化功能。肯定 据报道 病毒颗粒组装，成熟和逆转录。在一项范式转移研究中，我们发现了 HIV-1与病毒体中的病毒RNA基因组（GRNA）结合，这种相互作用至关重要 精确的病毒形态发生。通过变构整合酶抑制剂抑制GRNA相互作用 （allinis）或II类取代的II导致形成异常的“偏心”颗粒与GRNA的形成 空的衣壳（CA）晶格和病毒包膜之间被错误定位。此外，我们已经证明了 四聚体对于RNA结合至关重 通过调节四聚体抑制RNA结合。最后，我们实验室的工作证明了 GRNA的过早降解及其与病毒逆转录酶的物理分离 构成了靶细胞中偏心颗粒的逆转录缺陷。重要的是，这不合时宜 降解不是由于抑制跨内相互作用本身的抑制，而是由于与 CA晶格，在CA不稳定后观察到类似的结果。这些研究共同巩固了 GRNA相互作用在病毒体成熟中的作用，并证明了CA晶格在 保护靶细胞中病毒核酸。 基于这些新颖的发现和广泛的初步数据，我们建议阐明性质和 HIV-1的规则相互作用的规则，与GRNA的结合如何介导HIV-1 CAPSID的适当组装 晶格以及感染细胞如何感知并响应抑制grna时产生的异常颗粒 CA晶格的相互作用和不稳定。这些研究将填补我们对 HIV-1在粒子成熟中的关键非催化功能以及抑制这些的后果 互动。该项目一起不仅将增强我们对HIV-1复制的基本知识，而且还将有助于 新型抗病毒药的发展可以补充临床环境中的基于Insti的疗法。