Establishing the Influences of Childhood Trauma and Adolescent Alcohol Binge Exposures on Reward Functioning Among Young Adult Drinkers

项目标题：确定儿童创伤和青少年酗酒暴露对 青年饮酒者的奖赏功能 项目摘要/摘要：奖励职能存在缺陷，包括高估酒精奖励和 非酒精奖励的贬值，是酒精使用障碍(AUD)经验支持模型的核心 病因学和维护。成年初期是澳门氏症发展的敏感风险期 症状，特别是在早年暴露于压力(例如童年创伤)和酒精的个人中。 动物研究支持早期创伤与酒精暴露和奖赏缺失之间的因果联系 然而，可翻译的人体实验室模型是有限的。这项研究的具体目的是 1A)调查主观和生理(即皱眉肌和颧肌fEMG)反应的差异 作为童年创伤(CT)和/或青少年酗酒的函数的社交(即非酒精)奖励 暴露，1b)评估作为以下函数的酒精奖励的主观和生理反应的差异 CT和/或青少年酗酒暴露，2)在社会背景下理解酒精奖励反应 奖励反应，以及3)确定酒精和社会奖励反应的临床相关性，关于当前 酒精计量(例如，酗酒频率、饮酒动机、与酒精有关的后果)和 精神风险(例如，快感缺乏、抑郁症状)。为了达到这些目标，目前的研究将招募一名 青年饮酒者样本(N=100)以检验CT和青少年的独特和联合影响 社交(即非酒精)和酒精的自我报告、行为和生理指标的酗酒史 奖励在澳元高危人群中发挥作用。这些研究目标将促进初级培训 目标1)发展对酒精相关表型的评估和解释的理解 青少年和青壮年，2)获得奖励的人体实验室模型的培训和知识 在AUD中发挥作用，3)获得AUD及合并症的评估和治疗方面的临床培训； 4)接受高级统计方法方面的培训。由人体实验室模型专家提供的指导 创伤和酒精使用，青少年物质使用风险，以及奖励反应的心理生理学将 提出候选人的目标，以扩大她在酒精相关表型测量方面的经验，人类 奖赏加工的实验室模型和AUD的转换模型。最终，拟议的培训和 研究计划将支持候选人作为NIAAA资助的独立人士追求职业生涯的长期目标 研究人员专注于了解压力和酒精表型在高危年轻人中的相互作用 成年人口。这项拟议的研究将是第一批评估CT和青少年联合影响的研究之一 酗酒对奖励的作用，努力告诉一个综合模型，这些经历是如何 有助于改变享乐反应和相关的AUD风险在青壮年。这个项目是 直接与NIAAA的战略目标一致，即“研究酒精如何影响参与 奖赏。“

Project Title: Establishing the Influences of Childhood Trauma and Adolescent Alcohol Binge Exposures on Reward Functioning Among Young Adult Drinkers Project Summary/Abstract: Deficits in reward functioning, including both overvaluation of alcohol rewards and devaluation of non-alcohol rewards, are central to empirically supported models of alcohol use disorder (AUD) etiology and maintenance. Emerging adulthood represents a sensitive risk period for the development of AUD symptoms, particularly among individuals with early life exposures to stress (e.g., childhood trauma) and alcohol. Animal studies support a causal link between early trauma and alcohol exposures and deficits in reward functioning; however, translational human laboratory models are limited. The specific aims of the study are to 1a) investigate differences in subjective and physiological (i.e., corrugator and zygomaticus fEMG) responses to social (i.e., non-alcohol) reward as a function of childhood trauma (CT) and/or adolescent alcohol binge exposures, 1b) evaluate differences in subjective and physiological responses to alcohol reward as a function of CT and/or adolescent alcohol binge exposures, 2) understand alcohol reward response in the context of social reward response, and 3) identify clinical correlates of alcohol and social reward response, with regard to current measures of alcohol (e.g., binge frequency, alcohol drinking motives, alcohol-related consequences) and psychiatric risk (e.g., anhedonia, depressive symptoms). To address these aims, the current study will recruit a sample (N = 100) of young adult drinkers to examine the unique and combined influence of CT and adolescent binge histories on self-report, behavioral, and physiological indices of social (i.e., non-alcohol) and alcohol reward functioning among a population at high-risk for AUD. These study aims will facilitate the primary training goals to 1) develop an understanding of the assessment and interpretation of alcohol-related phenotypes in adolescents and young adults, 2) acquire training in and knowledge of human laboratory models of reward functioning in AUD, 3) obtain clinical training in the assessment and treatment of AUD and comorbid conditions, and 4) gain training in advanced statistical methods. Mentorship provided by experts in human laboratory models of trauma and alcohol use, adolescent substance use risk, and psychophysiology of reward response will advance the candidate’s goals to expand her experience in measurement of alcohol-related phenotypes, human laboratory models of reward processing, and translational models of AUD. Ultimately, the proposed training and research plans will support the candidate’s long-term goal of pursuing a career as a NIAAA-funded independent investigator focused on understanding the interplay between stress and alcohol phenotypes in high-risk young adult populations. The proposed study will be one of the first to evaluate the joint impact of CT and adolescent binge drinking on reward functioning in an effort to inform an integrative model of how these experiences contribute to alterations in hedonic responding and associated AUD risk in young adulthood. This project is directly in line with the NIAAA Strategic Objectives to “study how alcohol affects neural circuits involved in reward.”