Neuroimaging approaches to improve prediction of smoking initiation and nicotine use escalation among young adult electronic nicotine delivery systems users

项目摘要/摘要 拟议的职业发展申请为刘家英博士提供研究培训，以方便她 向独立过渡。这项拟议的研究的目标是确定尼古丁的神经行为标记物。 年轻成人(YA)电子尼古丁递送使用者的使用升级和开始吸烟 系统(结束)。预计调查结果将为监管政策提供参考，并提高YA对公众的响应能力 健康运动宣传。鉴于越来越多的证据表明，结束使用传达了5倍的额外 开始吸烟和其他烟草使用升级的风险，最近YA使用量的增加令人震惊， 威胁着依赖的死灰复燃，这可能会逆转几十年来烟草控制的成功。因此，它是 在这一脆弱人群中确定吸烟开始和烟草使用升级的预测标志至关重要 并提供可采取行动的证据，为监管和预防工作提供信息。功能性 磁共振成像(FMRI)产生与传统行为风险互补的信息 评估，通过对构成已知主观状态的神经底物的直接观察 让上瘾持续下去，以便产生客观的、假设上更具预测性的措施。评估 与吸烟开始和烟草使用升级相关的行为和大脑标记物被提出。目标是 就是确定基线神经行为标志物是否能预测吸烟转变和烟草使用 在3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月内升级到传统制造商之外。为期一年的公共服务公告(PSA) 还将进行交叉设计的干预，其中包括两个信息曝光命令和一个 控制条件允许测试新型抗末端PSA是否解决了与末端味道相关的危害 与现有的定期公益广告相比，这将更有效地防止烟草使用升级。建议数 研究是第一批旨在为调味品营销监管提供信息的研究之一，并提供 为预防运动制定有效的公益广告的建议。这些目标直接解决了 FDA烟草产品中心的多个优先事项(营销影响、沟通、行为和 )，预计他们将确定有效的监管大门，以应对目前的END流行病。 刘博士的长期目标是成为一名独立的研究员，翻译沟通神经科学 利用说服力改善健康运动和干预措施的监管行动研究 反烟草信息。她的近期目标是准备一个竞争性的R01应用程序来实现 PSA的随机对照试验，以最大限度地威慑吸烟和药物使用 终端用户之间的过渡。拟议的培训经验旨在培养(A)方面的能力 神经科学，(B)功能神经成像，(C)烟草管理科学，和(D)赠款书写。建议数 研究研究提供了培训重点和初步数据，以支持竞争性的R01应用。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The proposed career development application provides research training for Dr. Jiaying Liu to facilitate her transition to independence. The goal of the proposed research is to identify neurobehavioral makers of nicotine use escalation and cigarette smoking initiation among young adult (YA) users of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Findings are expected to inform regulatory policy and improve YA responsiveness to public health campaign communications. Given the accumulating evidence that ENDS use conveys 5-fold additional risk for smoking initiation and other tobacco use escalation, recent YA increases in use are alarming, threatening a resurgence of dependence that may reverse decades of tobacco control success. Therefore, it is crucial to identify predictive markers of smoking initiation and tobacco use escalation in this vulnerable population, and to provide actionable evidence that informs regulatory and prevention efforts. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) generates information complementary to traditional behavioral risk assessments, with direct observations of the neural substrates that underlie the subjective states known to perpetuate addiction, in order to yield objective and putatively more predictive measures. Assessment of behavioral and brain markers associated with smoking onset and tobacco use escalation is proposed. The goal is to determine whether baseline neurobehavioral markers will predict smoking transition and tobacco use escalation beyond traditional makers at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. A one-year public service announcement (PSA) intervention with a cross-over design will also be conducted, in which two message exposure orders and one control condition allow testing whether novel anti-ENDS PSAs addressing harms associated with ENDS flavors will more effectively prevent tobacco use escalation compared to the existing regular PSAs. The proposed research is among the first that aims to inform regulation of flavored ENDS marketing, and to provide recommendations for developing effective PSAs for prevention campaigns. These aims directly address multiple priorities of FDA Center for Tobacco Products (Marketing Influences, Communications, Behavior and Addiction), and they are expected to pinpoint effective regulatory gates to address the current ENDS epidemic. Dr. Liu’s long-term goal is to become an independent researcher translating communication neuroscience research to regulatory actions for improvements in health campaigns and interventions utilizing persuasive anti-tobacco messaging. Her near-term goal is to prepare a competitive R01 application to implement randomized controlled trials of PSAs to maximize impact on deterrence of smoking and substance use transition among ENDS users. The proposed training experience is designed to develop competencies in (a) neuroscience, (b) functional neuroimaging, (c) tobacco regulatory science, and (d) grant writing. The proposed research study provides focus for training and preliminary data to support a competitive R01 application.