Molecular Basis of CD1D and Natural Killer T Cell Function
Molecular Basis of CD1D and Natural Killer T Cell Function
批准号:
10443746
负责人:
SEBASTIAN JOYCE
金额:
$51.05万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-08-19 至 2024-07-31
关键词:
AcuteAgonistAntigen-Presenting CellsAttenuated VaccinesBacterial InfectionsBronchus-Associated Lymphoid TissueCategoriesCell CountCell WallCell physiologyCellsChemical StructureCommunicable DiseasesCoupledCytotoxic T-LymphocytesDataDevelopmentDiseaseEnvironmentEquilibriumFrancisella tularensisGalactosylceramidesGlycolipidsGoalsHumanImmune responseImmunocompetentImmunotherapyInfectionInfectious AgentInfectious Skin DiseasesInflammationInflammatoryInterleukin-10Interleukin-17KnowledgeLeadLeftLipidsLungLymphocyteMicrobeMolecularMucosal ImmunityMucous MembraneMusMyeloid CellsOutcomeParasitesPathway interactionsPulmonary tularemiaRegulatory T-LymphocyteRoleRunawaySepsisSiteStructureT-Cell ActivationT-LymphocyteT-Lymphocyte SubsetsTestingTimeTularemiaVaccine DesignVaccinesVirulence FactorsVirulentWild Type Mousechemical synthesisclinical practicecytokineenteric infectionfightingfunctional statusinflammatory milieuinsightinterstitialmicrobialmutantnovelnovel therapeuticspathogenic bacteriapreventpulmonary functionrespiratoryresponsetargeted treatmenttertiary lymphoid organ
中文摘要
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英文摘要
The long-term goal of this project is to understand the role of type I, semi-invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells in
generating mucosal immunity against respiratory infectious diseases. NKT cells are innate-like lymphocytes
that, by recognizing microbial glycolipids or microbe-induced self lipids, assert a role in infectious diseases.
NKT cells are disproportionately enriched in the lung mucosa, but the role of these T cells in respiratory
infectious diseases is not fully understood. The lung mucosa is a major site for Francisella tularensis (Ft)
invasion that oft-time causes a fatal infectious disease known as pulmonary tularemia. Ft infections of the skin
and intestine can spread systemically, especially when left untreated, and cause pulmonary tularemia.
Tularemia is an inflammatory, sepsis-like disease. Consistent with a role for NKT cells in pro-inflammatory
diseases and sepsis, we discovered that Ft subspecies holarctica-derived live vaccine strain (LVS) quickly
activated lung interstitial NKT cells and induced runaway inflammation. Thus, LVS-infected immune competent
mice became severely morbid and succumbed to a tularemia-like disease. Accordingly, NKT cell-deficient mice
recovered from disease and lived despite similar bacterial burden in the lungs of both mutant and wild type
mice. Survival was likely because NKT cell-deficient mice had developed the protective induced bronchus-
associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) at the peak of infection. Further, the iBALT-suppressing regulatory T cells
are enriched in wild type mice, whilst the iBALT-inducing IL-17-producing cells, potentially mucosa-associated
invariant T cells (MAIT), are enriched in NKT cell-deficient mice, and vice versa. These new data suggest that
a Treg to IL-17-producing MAIT cell imbalance underlie tularemia-like disease caused by LVS infection.
Guided by these findings, we hypothesize that an Ft-derived glycolipid agonist(s) activates NKT cells in the
lungs, stirring up an inflammatory milieu that prevents iBALT formation and, thereby, causing fatal tularemia-
like disease in mice. To test this central hypothesis, we will elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms
that underlie the presentation of the cytoplasmic glycolipid agonists to NKT cells and cause tularemia-like
disease during a natural Ft infection (Aims 1 and 2). Further, we will elucidate and validate the chemical
structure of the LVS and the type A Ft-derived glycolipid agonist(s) (Aim 3). These proposed studies will
rigorously test the prevailing assumption that DCs are critical for presenting CD1d-restricted glycolipid agonists
and activating NKT cells during a natural bacterial infection. We expect to gain novel mechanisms of host
interactions with an acute, highly virulent pathogenic bacterium, which can kill the infected host with as few as
10 infectious cells. Our studies will unveil novel insights into the interactions between innate-like lymphocytes,
e.g., NKT cells and MAIT cells. These novel insights coupled with the knowledge of the NKT cell agonist(s) and
its/their biosynthetic pathway(s) can lead to new targets for immunotherapies and vaccine design against
tularemia and potentially other acute pulmonary infectious diseases.
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