Neurophysiology underlying neural representations of value

价值神经表征的神经生理学

• 批准号: 10294241
• 负责人: C. DANIEL SALZMAN
• 金额: $ 68.29万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-10 至 2023-04-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10294241
• 关键词: Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Cognitive; Cues; Development; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Emotions; Event; Feeling; Grant; Health; Hippocampus (Brain); Impaired cognition; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Life; Maintenance; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Monkeys; Mood Disorders; Outcome; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Research; Response to stimulus physiology; Reversal Learning; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Update; Work; addiction; autism spectrum disorder; cognitive control; cognitive process; cognitive reappraisal; emotion regulation; emotional experience; executive function; expectation; experimental study; flexibility; insight; memory process; neural circuit; neural network; neurophysiology; operation; optogenetics; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; sensory stimulus; statistics; supervised learning; unsupervised learning

A range of behavioral, physiological, and cognitive responses (e.g. approach and avoidance, autonomic reactivity, and subjective feelings) reflects a subject's emotional state. The cognitive regulation of emotion refers to the capacity to regulate these emotional responses in a flexible manner according to a cognitive operation. Deficits in the cognitive regulation of emotional processes characterize many psychiatric disorders. In everyday life, however, particular sensory stimuli and/or actions can elicit different emotional responses depending upon the situation or context. Contexts often rely on a cognitive understanding of one's current situation in the absence of explicit cues. These types of contexts may be referred to as “abstract” contexts. This grant studies a type of abstract context where the context is determined by a task set. A task set is the set of stimulus- response-outcome mappings (or rules) that dictate correct performance for trials within a particular block. Previous research demonstrates the capacity of primates to learn these abstract contexts, and neural representations of abstract contexts exist in the amygdala and two areas in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices (ACC and OFC). This grant seeks to understand the mechanisms that underlie the formation and maintenance of these representations of contexts. In contrast to supervised learning driven by error signals, we hypothesize that the occurrence of temporally associated trial types triggers unsupervised learning, presumably through a Hebbian mechanism involving activity-dependent plasticity. This learning could underlie formation of representations of abstract contexts defined by task sets, which will be explored with electrophysiological recordings in Aim 1. The creation of a representation of a task set requires combining information about the current trial with information about the trials that have occurred recently. Brain structures that provide memory traces of recent events and/or that combine information over time could create representations of a task set prior to the emergence of the representations observed in amygdala, OFC, and ACC. Our next experiments therefore target the hippocampus and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), which are implicated in memory processes, working memory, and executive functions. We will compare and contrast the encoding of task sets in hippocampus, DLPFC, OFC, and ACC during and after learning about task sets (Aim 2). Finally, we will use causal methods to determine if PFC input to the amygdala and the hippocampus acts to maintain these context representations, which could be a vital mechanism for the cognitive regulation of emotion (Aim 3). Overall, these experiments promise to illuminate neurophysiological mechanisms critical for normal adaptive emotional health. !

一系列行为、生理和认知反应（例如接近和回避、 自主反应和主观感受）反映了主体的情绪状态。认知的 情绪调节是指以灵活的方式调节这些情绪反应的能力 根据认知操作。情绪过程的认知调节缺陷 是许多精神疾病的特征。然而，在日常生活中，特定的感官刺激和/或 根据情况或背景，行为可能会引起不同的情绪反应。上下文 在没有明确提示的情况下，通常依赖于对自己当前状况的认知理解。 这些类型的上下文可以被称为“抽象”上下文。这笔赠款研究了一种类型 抽象上下文，其中上下文由任务集确定。任务集是刺激的集合 反应结果映射（或规则），规定特定范围内试验的正确性能 堵塞。先前的研究表明灵长类动物具有学习这些抽象背景的能力，并且 抽象情境的神经表征存在于杏仁核和前额叶的两个区域 皮质（PFC）、前扣带皮层和眶额皮质（ACC 和 OFC）。这笔赠款旨在 了解这些表征的形成和维持的机制 上下文。与由错误信号驱动的监督学习相反，我们假设 时间相关的试验类型的发生会触发无监督学习，大概是通过 涉及活动依赖性可塑性的赫布机制。这种学习可能是形成 由任务集定义的抽象上下文的表示，将通过以下方式进行探索 目标 1 中的电生理记录。创建任务集的表示需要 将有关当前试验的信息与有关已发生试验的信息相结合 最近。提供最近事件记忆痕迹和/或结合的大脑结构 随着时间的推移，信息可以在出现之前创建任务集的表示。 在杏仁核、OFC 和 ACC 中观察到的表征。因此，我们接下来的实验目标是 海马体和背外侧 PFC (DLPFC) 与记忆过程有关， 记忆和执行功能。我们将比较和对比任务集的编码 在学习任务集期间和之后的海马体、DLPFC、OFC 和 ACC（目标 2）。最后，我们 将使用因果方法来确定 PFC 对杏仁核和海马体的输入是否起到作用 维持这些情境表征，这可能是认知调节的重要机制 情感（目标 3）。总的来说，这些实验有望阐明神经生理学机制 对于正常的适应性情绪健康至关重要。 ！