Neurophysiology underlying neural representations of value

价值神经表征的神经生理学

• 批准号: 8014951
• 负责人: C. DANIEL SALZMAN
• 金额: $ 32.28万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-10 至 2013-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8014951
• 关键词: Accounting; Affective; Air; Amygdaloid structure; Animals; Anxiety; Appearance; Area; Association Learning; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior; Behavioral; Blinking; Brain; Cognitive; Complex; Cues; Data; Disease; Doctor of Medicine; Doctor of Philosophy; Emotional; Environment; Face; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Human; Individual; Learning; Link; Liquid substance; Maps; Measures; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Moods; Neurons; Neurosciences; Organism; Outcome; Physiological; Physiology; Play; Population; Primates; Procedures; Process; Property; Psychological reinforcement; Punishment; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Reversal Learning; Rewards; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Time; Update; Visual; Work; base; classical conditioning; conditioning; experience; flexibility; neural circuit; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; reinforcer; relating to nervous system; response; sensory stimulus; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project seeks to elucidate how the brain can form predictions about impending reinforcement in a variety of behavioral contexts and learning paradigms, which is a fundamental goal in neuroscience. The project involves obtaining neurophysiological recordings in the amygdala and OFC simultaneously so that one can understand the relationship and timing of activity between the two brain areas. Recent work from the Salzman lab has shown that the amygdala provides a representation of the positive or negative value of visual stimuli during a classical conditioning procedure in which there is a one-to-one mapping between a sensory stimulus and a particular reinforcement outcome. This proposal involves extending this recent work to now examine simultaneously the interrelated neurophysiology of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) during both simple and more complex forms of reinforcement learning. The amygdala and OFC are central nodes in neural circuitry commonly assumed to link sensory stimuli with affective values so as to drive adaptive cognitive, behavioral, and physiological responses. Dysfunction of these neural circuits likely plays a role in many psychiatric diseases, such as mood, anxiety, addictive and other disorders. The first aim examines amygdala and OFC single neuron activity local field potentials (LFPs) during learning induced by classical conditioning in order to understand the physiological properties and relative timing dynamics of activity in the two brain areas. The second aim extends this work by studying the physiology of these brain areas in conditions when motivationally significant stimuli have different meanings depending on the moment-to-moment context in which they are presented. If neural processing in the amygdala and OFC can switch rapidly as the value of a stimulus changes from trial to trial depending upon a contextual cue, it will indicate that rapid context-dependent mechanisms can facilitate the switching between representations of value. The third aim investigates whether neurons in the amygdala and OFC represent the ?absolute? or the ?relative? value of conditioned stimuli by using a reinforcer revaluation paradigm that manipulates the relative value of a stimulus but holds constant its absolute value. This task requires the integration of information about the overall context of the task in order to judge the relative value of a particular stimulus. For both the second and third aims, we hypothesize that OFC either encodes contextual information about a stimulus (Aim 2), or integrates information about an overall task context (Aim 3) in part to help govern and update neural representations of value. In this scenario, OFC would be part of a cortical mechanism that integrates high-level information in order to help control neural representations of value and the emotional processes that are based on such representations.

描述(由申请者提供)：这个项目试图阐明大脑如何在各种行为背景和学习范例中形成对即将到来的强化的预测，这是神经科学的一个基本目标。该项目涉及同时获得杏仁核和OFC的神经生理记录，以便了解这两个大脑区域之间的关系和活动时间。Salzman实验室最近的研究表明，在感觉刺激和特定强化结果之间存在一对一映射的经典条件反射过程中，杏仁核提供了视觉刺激正或负的代表。这项建议涉及将这项最近的工作扩展到现在同时检查杏仁核和眼眶额叶皮质(OFC)在简单和复杂形式的强化学习中相互关联的神经生理学。杏仁核和OFC是神经回路中的中心节点，通常被认为将感觉刺激与情感价值联系起来，从而驱动适应性的认知、行为和生理反应。这些神经回路的功能障碍可能在许多精神疾病中发挥作用，如情绪、焦虑、成瘾和其他障碍。第一个目的是研究经典条件反射诱导的学习过程中杏仁核和OFC单个神经元活动局部场电位(LFP)，以了解这两个脑区的生理特性和活动的相对时序动力学。第二个目的是通过研究这些大脑区域的生理学来扩展这项工作，当动机显著的刺激根据它们被呈现的时刻的背景而具有不同的意义时。如果杏仁核和OFC中的神经处理可以随着刺激的价值根据上下文线索从一个试验改变到另一个试验而迅速切换，这将表明快速的上下文相关机制可以促进价值表征之间的切换。第三个目的是研究杏仁核和OFC中的神经元是否代表绝对的？还是他的亲戚？通过使用强化重估范式来操纵刺激的相对值，但保持其绝对值不变，从而确定条件刺激的价值。这项任务需要整合关于任务整体背景的信息，以便判断特定刺激的相对价值。对于第二和第三个目标，我们假设OFC要么编码关于刺激的上下文信息(目标2)，要么整合关于总体任务上下文的信息(目标3)，部分地帮助管理和更新价值的神经表征。在这种情况下，OFC将是皮质机制的一部分，该机制整合高级信息，以帮助控制神经对价值的表征以及基于这种表征的情绪过程。