Neurophysiology underlying neural representations of value

价值神经表征的神经生理学

• 批准号: 10053729
• 负责人: C. DANIEL SALZMAN
• 金额: $ 68.29万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-10 至 2022-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10053729
• 关键词: Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Cognitive; Cues; Development; Electrophysiology (science); Emotional; Emotions; Event; Feeling; Grant; Health; Hippocampus (Brain); Impaired cognition; Knowledge; Lead; Learning; Life; Maintenance; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Monkeys; Mood Disorders; Outcome; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Research; Response to stimulus physiology; Reversal Learning; Rewards; Role; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Update; Work; addiction; autism spectrum disorder; cognitive control; cognitive process; cognitive reappraisal; emotion regulation; emotional experience; executive function; expectation; experimental study; flexibility; insight; memory process; neural circuit; neural network; neurophysiology; operation; optogenetics; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; sensory stimulus; statistics; supervised learning; unsupervised learning

A range of behavioral, physiological, and cognitive responses (e.g. approach and avoidance, autonomic reactivity, and subjective feelings) reflects a subject's emotional state. The cognitive regulation of emotion refers to the capacity to regulate these emotional responses in a flexible manner according to a cognitive operation. Deficits in the cognitive regulation of emotional processes characterize many psychiatric disorders. In everyday life, however, particular sensory stimuli and/or actions can elicit different emotional responses depending upon the situation or context. Contexts often rely on a cognitive understanding of one's current situation in the absence of explicit cues. These types of contexts may be referred to as “abstract” contexts. This grant studies a type of abstract context where the context is determined by a task set. A task set is the set of stimulus- response-outcome mappings (or rules) that dictate correct performance for trials within a particular block. Previous research demonstrates the capacity of primates to learn these abstract contexts, and neural representations of abstract contexts exist in the amygdala and two areas in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices (ACC and OFC). This grant seeks to understand the mechanisms that underlie the formation and maintenance of these representations of contexts. In contrast to supervised learning driven by error signals, we hypothesize that the occurrence of temporally associated trial types triggers unsupervised learning, presumably through a Hebbian mechanism involving activity-dependent plasticity. This learning could underlie formation of representations of abstract contexts defined by task sets, which will be explored with electrophysiological recordings in Aim 1. The creation of a representation of a task set requires combining information about the current trial with information about the trials that have occurred recently. Brain structures that provide memory traces of recent events and/or that combine information over time could create representations of a task set prior to the emergence of the representations observed in amygdala, OFC, and ACC. Our next experiments therefore target the hippocampus and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC), which are implicated in memory processes, working memory, and executive functions. We will compare and contrast the encoding of task sets in hippocampus, DLPFC, OFC, and ACC during and after learning about task sets (Aim 2). Finally, we will use causal methods to determine if PFC input to the amygdala and the hippocampus acts to maintain these context representations, which could be a vital mechanism for the cognitive regulation of emotion (Aim 3). Overall, these experiments promise to illuminate neurophysiological mechanisms critical for normal adaptive emotional health. !

一系列的行为、生理和认知反应(如接近和回避；