Binocular Coordination of Eye Movements

眼球运动的双眼协调

• 批准号: 10303058
• 负责人: VALLABH E DAS
• 金额: $ 37.59万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10303058
• 关键词: 4 year old; Acoustic Stimulation; Address; Adolescent; Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Auditory; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Binocular Vision; Brain; Cells; Characteristics; Child; Choice Behavior; Clinical; Comparative Study; Data; Development; Environment; Eye; Eye Development; Eye Movements; Feedback; Human; Infant; Investigation; Left; Life; Location; Macaca mulatta; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Monkeys; Motivation; Motor; Muscle; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Photic Stimulation; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Procedures; Property; Proprioception; Reporting; Research; Retina; Rhesus; Role; Saccades; Sensory; Sensory Process; Signal Transduction; Source; Stimulus; Strabismus; System; Testing; Trigeminal nerve structure; United States; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Work; auditory stimulus; base; critical period; developmental disease; experience; experimental study; gaze; infancy; insight; multisensory; neural circuit; nonhuman primate; novel; oculomotor; orbit muscle; preference; programs; relating to nervous system; response; sample fixation; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; vector; visual information; visual stimulus

ABSTRACT Developmental strabismus (ocular misalignment) remains one of the most prevalent clinical problems related to the visual-oculomotor system in children. In addition to horizontal eye misalignment, a host of other oculomotor disturbances are associated with strabismus and despite considerable work, the mechanisms underlying some of the unique oculomotor properties associated with the condition are unknown. In aims 1 and 2 of this proposal, we focus on addressing how strabismic subjects orient their eyes to visual and non-visual target stimuli within their environment. This is especially interesting in the strabismic subjects because of their ability to choose either of their eyes to acquire the target. Fixation preference is thought to be driven by visual suppression of information from portions of the retina. However, eye movements are also made to acquire non- visual (eg: auditory) targets. What happens to fixation preference and fixation-switching behavior in strabismus when no visual stimulus is available? Aim 1 involves comparative studies of fixation switch and fixation preference when the stimulus to the strabismic animal is either visual or auditory. In aim 2, we propose single unit recording studies of neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) to determine their role in fixation-switch behavior in response to the visual or auditory stimuli. The SC is chosen as the target of investigation because of its reported role in target selection and its role in orienting to visual and auditory stimuli and in multisensory integration. Aim1 and Aim 2 studies will be performed in juvenile rhesus non-human primates previously induced with a sensory form of strabismus by rearing them under special viewing conditions (optical prism rearing) for the first four months of their life. In Aim 3, we propose to develop a new non-human primate strabismus model that utilizes loss of eye muscle proprioception due to sectioning of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve in infancy. The motivation to develop a new model is that despite considerable work, the mechanisms underlying the development of strabismus, especially in those patients where there is no obvious loss of binocular vision or extraocular muscle disruption, are unknown. Our hypothesis is that intact eye muscle proprioception is also needed for development of proper ocular alignment. We will investigate the longitudinal development of eye alignment in these animals and compare proprioceptive loss strabismus to that occurring due to loss of binocular vision (optical prism strabismus). In summary, each of the specific aims in this project is likely to significantly advance our understanding of strabismus mechanisms and the neural circuitry underlying some of its properties. Moreover, this project has the potential to help guide the development of rationally based therapies.

摘要 发育性斜视(眼球错位)仍然是最常见的临床问题之一。 儿童的视觉-眼球运动系统。除了水平眼球错位之外，还有许多其他原因 眼球运动障碍与斜视有关，尽管有大量的工作，但机制 与这种情况相关的一些独特的眼球运动特性的潜在原因是未知的。在AIMS 1和 在这项建议中，我们重点解决斜视受试者如何将他们的眼睛定向到视觉和非视觉上 以环境中的刺激为目标。这在斜视受试者中尤其有趣，因为他们的 能够选择他们的任何一只眼睛来获得目标。注视偏好被认为是由视觉驱动的 抑制视网膜各部分的信息。然而，眼球运动也是为了获得非 视觉(例如：听觉)目标。斜视患者注视偏好和注视转换行为的变化 在没有视觉刺激的情况下？目标1涉及注视转换和注视的比较研究 当对斜视动物的刺激是视觉的或听觉的时，偏爱。在目标2中，我们提出了单一 上丘神经元的单位记录研究以确定其在固定-开关中的作用 对视觉或听觉刺激作出反应的行为。之所以选择SC作为调查对象，是因为 它在目标选择中的作用以及它在定位视觉和听觉刺激以及多感官方面的作用 整合。AIM1和AIM 2之前将在幼年恒河猴非人类灵长类动物中进行研究 通过在特殊的观察条件下(光学棱镜)饲养它们而导致感觉形式的斜视 在他们生命的头四个月里)。在目标3中，我们建议开发一种新的非人类灵长类动物 斜视模型，利用眼肌本体感觉的丧失，由于眼部的分割 婴儿期的三叉神经。开发新模型的动机是尽管做了大量的工作，但 斜视发展的潜在机制，特别是在那些没有明显 双眼视力丧失或眼外肌紊乱，都是未知的。我们的假设是完整的眼肌 本体感觉也是发展适当的眼球排列所必需的。我们将调查纵向的 这些动物的眼线发育及本体感觉丧失斜视与发生斜视的比较 由于双眼视觉丧失(光学棱镜斜视)。总而言之，这个项目的每个具体目标 可能会显著提高我们对斜视机制和神经回路的理解 隐藏在它的一些属性之下。此外，该项目有可能帮助指导 基于理性的疗法。