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Subjective Cognitive Effort Indexes Sub-Criticality in the Brain

主观认知努力指数大脑的次临界度

基本信息

批准号：
10455114
负责人：
John Andrew Westbrook
金额：
$ 10.56万
依托单位：
BROWN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Project Summary / Abstract Cognitive effort is subjectively costly. It can cause people to discount valuable goals and avoid thoughtful planning and careful deliberation. Effort avoidance can thus be problematic, especially in disorders like depression and schizophrenia where excessive cost sensitivity undermines cognitive motivation. To address cost sensitivity, we first need to understand what the brain treats as costly. Traditional indices, like lateral frontal fMRI signals, and parietal alpha desynchronization in EEG data, track cognitive load to a point, but often plateau or decline, even when subjective effort continues to rise. This project will examine a promising candidate metric of cognitive effort: criticality suppression. Criticality characterizes cortical dynamics at rest, and prior studies have shown that brains becomes increasingly sub-critical under the very conditions known to increase subjective effort: increasing working memory load, fatigue, sleep deprivation, novelty, and cognitive aging. In Aim 1, criticality suppression will be monitored with EEG, and compared to behavioral economic measures of subjective effort costs both across individuals (capturing individual differences in cost sensitivity) and within individuals (capturing cost sensitivity across load levels). In Aim 2, TMS will be used to test whether modulating criticality (artificially) impacts sensitivity to effort costs, apart from cognitive demands. Finally, in Aim 3, concurrent TMS- EEG will be used to investigate the mechanisms regulating criticality. In particular, Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that the cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance regulates how closely to a critical state the brain operates, and thereby how sensitive people are to effort costs. Aims 1 and 2 will thus provide the applicant with essential training in EEG and TMS methodologies while testing a novel hypothesis linking criticality to subjective cognitive effort. Subsequently, in the applicant’s independent phase, Aim 3 will combine and apply these methodologies to test hypothesized mechanisms which may underlie cognitive effort, working memory, and cognitive motivation.

项目概要/摘要认知努力在主观上是昂贵的。它可能会导致人们忽视有价值的目标并避免深思熟虑计划和仔细考虑。因此，避免努力可能会产生问题，尤其是在诸如抑郁症和精神分裂症中过度的成本敏感性会破坏认知动机。致地址成本敏感性，我们首先需要了解大脑认为什么是昂贵的。传统指数，如额侧指数 fMRI 信号和脑电图数据中的顶叶 α 去同步化可将认知负荷跟踪到某个点，但通常处于平台状态或下降，即使主观努力继续上升。该项目将检查一个有前途的候选指标认知努力的影响：临界抑制。临界性表征了静止时的皮质动态，之前的研究已经表明研究表明，在已知会增加主观性的条件下，大脑变得越来越亚临界努力：增加工作记忆负荷、疲劳、睡眠不足、新鲜感和认知老化。在目标 1 中，临界抑制将通过脑电图进行监测，并与主观的行为经济指标进行比较个体之间（捕捉成本敏感性的个体差异）和个体内部的努力成本（捕获跨负载水平的成本敏感性）。在目标 2 中，TMS 将用于测试是否调节关键性除了认知需求之外，（人为地）影响对努力成本的敏感性。最后，在目标 3 中，并发 TMS- 脑电图将用于研究调节临界性的机制。特别是，目标 3 将检验假设皮质兴奋-抑制平衡调节大脑运作与临界状态的接近程度，以及由此可见人们对努力成本有多敏感。因此，目标 1 和 2 将为申请人提供必要的接受脑电图和经颅磁刺激方法的培训，同时测试将关键性与主观认知联系起来的新假设努力。随后，在申请人的独立阶段，目标3将结合并应用这些方法测试可能构成认知努力、工作记忆和认知动机的假设机制。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（3）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Effects of average reward rate on vigor as a function of individual variation in striatal dopamine.

DOI：
10.1007/s00213-021-06017-0
发表时间：
2022-02
期刊：
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Hofmans, Lieke;Westbrook, Andrew;van den Bosch, Ruben;Booij, Jan;Verkes, Robbert-Jan;Cools, Roshan
通讯作者：
Cools, Roshan

Cognitive effort avoidance in veterans with suicide attempt histories.

DOI：
10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103788
发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Bjork, James M.;Sawyers, Chelsea K.;Straub, Lisa K.;Garavito, David M. N.;Westbrook, Andrew
通讯作者：
Westbrook, Andrew

Effects of current and past depressive episodes on behavioral performance and subjective experience during an N-back task.

当前和过去的抑郁发作对 N-back 任务期间行为表现和主观体验的影响。