Understanding Bystanders for Self-Directed Violence Prevention: A Prospective National Study Highlighting Marginalized Youth and Young Adults

了解旁观者以预防自我导向的暴力：一项强调边缘化青少年和年轻人的前瞻性全国研究

• 批准号: 10649529
• 负责人: VICTORIA L BANYARD
• 金额: $ 61.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-13 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10649529
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent and Young Adult; Adult; Affect; Age; Attention; Attitude; Awareness; Behavior; Black race; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Cognitive; Data; Development; Discrimination; Disparity; Ensure; Environment; Exposure to; Family; Feeling; Feeling suicidal; Friends; Future; Gatekeeping; Helping Behavior; Inequality; Injury; Interpersonal Violence; Intervention; Knowledge; Longitudinal Studies; Medical Care Costs; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Minority Groups; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Persons; Play; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Quality of life; Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Self Direction; Self-Injurious Behavior; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Sexual and Gender Minority Youth; Subgroup; Suicide; Suicide attempt; Suicide prevention; Surveys; Thinking; Time; Training; Training Programs; Violence; Work; Youth; behavior change; cohort; contagion; design; early adolescence; ethnic minority; ethnic minority population; experience; gender minority group; health disparity; improved; innovation; marginalization; minority children; non-suicidal self injury; peer; peer victimization; programs; prospective; racial minority; racial minority population; recruit; social; social media; substance use; success; suicidal behavior; suicidal morbidity; suicide rate; trauma symptom; trend; violence exposure; violence prevention; young adult; youth violence

Self-directed violence (SDV), defined as anything a person does intentionally that can cause injury to one's self, including death (i.e., suicide attempt, suicide ideation, non-suicidal self-injury), is a significant public health issue. A growing number of SDV prevention programs train adults and peers (termed “gatekeeper training”) to be more active bystanders– to try to help when they see someone who may be at risk for self-injury. Such programs have demonstrated positive changes in knowledge and attitudes about suicide, but have had less success in changing behaviors in real world settings. Limited impact may be due to the absence of longitudinal research on how SDV bystander actions unfold and what attitudes and barriers influence bystanders' behavior. A recent national survey of 1,031 youth and young adults conducted by this research team to inform the current proposal revealed that 83.1% have been exposed to SDV in their lifetimes. While this suggests great opportunity for interventions focused on bystanders, studies also document the mental health impact of those exposed to SDV (i.e., “bystanders”). Indeed, lifetime exposure to suicidal behavior is associated with past month trauma symptoms, suicide ideation, and thoughts of self-harm among youth. Also, we have surprisingly limited information about how these bystanders are impacted by the help they provide. In the interpersonal violence field, research suggests that the feelings of bystanders about their intervention are influenced by the way their actions were received by the other person. Given research on the contagion of SDV among young people, extending this research to SDV bystanders is critical. Further, exposure to SDV may be amplifying existing mental health disparities experienced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations. Youth with SGM identities experience elevated rates of suicidal behavior and associated risk factors including depression, substance use, and peer victimization because of discrimination and structural inequalities. The negative impacts of SDV exposure noted above may amplify these disparities. New and innovative approaches are clearly needed to help narrow these gaps in SDV risk and exposures among SGM and other minority populations. To address these gaps, we propose to conduct a national longitudinal study of youth, ages 13-22. Participants will be recruited via social media to facilitate a national reach and oversampling of SGM youth. Specific Aims are informed by the research team's prior work, previous research about interpersonal violence bystander behavior, and guided by the Enhanced Social Cognitive Model for SDV (ESC-SDV). Specifically, we will: 1) Recruit and survey a cohort of 5,000 adolescents and young adults to identify the pathways through which attitudinal and contextual components of the ESC-SDV predict: a) opportunity to act, b) intent to act, and c) actual bystander behavior for SDV; 2) Survey these youth two more times, 12 months apart, to identify the impact of bystander behavior on the bystanders themselves; and 3) Examine how these trends are different for important subgroups of youth.

自我定向暴力(SDV)，定义为一个人故意做的任何可能对自己造成伤害的事情 自我，包括死亡(即自杀未遂、自杀意念、非自杀性自我伤害)，是一种重要的公共卫生 问题。越来越多的SDV预防方案培训成年人和同龄人(称为“看门人培训”)，以 做更积极的旁观者-当他们看到有人可能有自我伤害的风险时，试着帮助他们。是这样的 这些项目展示了自杀知识和态度的积极变化，但成效较小 成功地改变现实世界环境中的行为。影响有限可能是由于缺乏纵向影响。 研究SDV旁观者的行为是如何展开的，以及哪些态度和障碍会影响旁观者的行为。 该研究小组最近对1031名青年和青壮年进行了一项全国性调查，以告知 目前的提案显示，83.1%的人在一生中接触过SDV。虽然这意味着很棒 为关注旁观者的干预提供机会，研究也记录了这些人对心理健康的影响 暴露于SDV(即“旁观者”)。的确，终生接触自杀行为与过去有关联 青少年的月创伤症状、自杀意念和自我伤害的想法。此外，我们还有令人惊讶的 关于这些旁观者如何受到他们提供的帮助的影响的信息有限。在人际关系中 在暴力领域，研究表明，旁观者对他们干预的感觉受到 他们的行为被对方接受的方式。关于新城疫病毒在青少年中传播的研究 各位，将这项研究扩展到SDV旁观者是至关重要的。此外，接触SDV可能会放大 性少数群体和性别少数群体现有的心理健康差距。年轻时有 SGM的身份经历了自杀行为和包括抑郁在内的相关风险因素的增加， 物质使用，以及由于歧视和结构性不平等而使同伴受害。消极的一面 上述SDV暴露的影响可能会放大这些差异。新的创新方法是 显然需要帮助缩小SGM和其他少数群体在SDV风险和风险敞口方面的差距 人口。为了解决这些差距，我们建议对13-22岁的年轻人进行一项全国性的纵向研究。 参与者将通过社交媒体招募，以促进全国范围内对SGM青年的覆盖和过度抽样。 具体的目标是由研究团队之前的工作，之前关于人际暴力的研究得出的 旁观者行为，并由增强型社会认知模型(ESC-SDV)指导。具体来说，我们 将：1)招募和调查5000名青少年和年轻人，以确定通过 ESC-SDV的哪些态度和背景部分预测：a)行动的机会，b)行动的意图，以及 C)SDV的实际旁观者行为；2)再对这些年轻人进行两次调查，间隔12个月，以确定 旁观者行为对旁观者本身的影响；以及3)研究这些趋势在 青年的重要亚群。