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Models of rodent facial musculature for the study of active tactile sensing

用于研究主动触觉感知的啮齿动物面部肌肉组织模型

基本信息

批准号：
10650312
负责人：
Mitra J Hartmann
金额：
$ 36.13万
依托单位：
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10650312
关键词：
3-Dimensional Afferent Neurons Anatomic Models Anatomy Animal Behavior Area Attention Back Behavior Behavioral Bilateral Biomechanics Brain Brain Stem Breathing Childhood Complex Data Deglutition Deglutition Disorders Elderly Elements Exploratory Behavior Exposure to Face Facial Muscles Feedback Freedom Frequencies Goals Hand Head Histology Infant Investigation Laboratories Limb structure MRI Scans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mastication Mechanics Modeling Morphology Motion Motor Motor Cortex Movement Mus Muscle Nervous System Neural Pathways Neuromechanics Neurosciences Paper Pattern Periodicity Persons Plants Qualifying Rattus Research Personnel Rodent Rodent Model Role Sensory Sensory Process Side Signal Transduction Smell Perception Speed System Tactile Testing Time Touch sensation Trigeminal System Vibrissae Work X-Ray Computed Tomography active control behavioral study biomechanical model central pattern generator experimental study kinematics microCT motor control neural neuroregulation novel prevent sensor sensory cortex simulation software systems suckling three-dimensional modeling

项目摘要

Project Summary: The rodent vibrissal (whisker) system is one of the most widely-used models in neuroscience to study how information about movement and touch are combined. During many exploratory behaviors, rats and mice sweep their whiskers back and forth in a rapid, rhythmic motion called “whisking” to actively gather touch information. Although whisking is rhythmic, rodents can also change how their whiskers move depending on the desired sensory information, and on their particular behavior. Researchers are nearly able to begin to “close-the-loop” between movement and touch for the whisker system, except for one critical gap: we do not yet have a three dimensional (3D) model of rodent facial musculature. Without such a model, we cannot identify how the rat changes its muscle activity to change whisker motion and acquire particular types of sensory information. We cannot know which whisker motions are fixed via the biomechanics, versus which motions the rat can actively control. We cannot fully understand the motor commands sent to the whisker muscles. The central goal of this proposal is to develop three-dimensional (3D) models of rodent facial musculature that close this gap. We will first use a novel combination of tactile profilometry, histology, MRI, and CT-scans to quantify the anatomy of rodent facial muscles and the follicles that hold the whiskers. Using this anatomy, we will then construct 3D biomechanical models of the whisker muscles and follicles to simulate the motion of all whiskers. These models will be validated and tested in several different complementary software systems, and then be used to test eleven specific predictions for the particular function of each whisker-related muscle. Finally, we will integrate the 3D models of rodent facial muscles with existing models that describe the sensory, tactile side of whisker motion. These combined muscle-sensory simulations will be directly compared with active animal behavior. This work takes a step towards closing the loop between motor action and the sensory data acquired, and helps disentangle the relative roles of biomechanics and neural control during different types of whisking. The proposed work will inform all levels of study of whisker neural pathways, from primary sensory neurons to sensory and motor cortical areas, to brainstem regions involved in controlling whisker motions. More generally, whisking represents a unique window into how volitional control can modulate or override centrally-patterned movement. The transition between varieties of rhythmic and non- rhythmic movement has important implications for the coordination of sniffing, breathing, olfaction, chewing, swallowing, and suckling, and the proposed work could thus shed light on the neuromechanical basis for some pediatric and geriatric dysphagias.

项目概要：啮齿动物触须系统是神经科学中最广泛使用的模型之一，用于研究如何有关运动和触摸的信息被组合起来。在许多探索行为中，大鼠和小鼠以一种称为“拂动”的快速、有节奏的动作来回扫动胡须，以主动收集触摸信息。尽管搅拌是有节奏的，但啮齿动物也可以根据情况改变胡须的移动方式。所需的感官信息以及他们的特定行为。研究人员几乎能够开始胡须系统的运动和触摸之间的“闭环”，除了一个关键的差距：我们不还拥有啮齿动物面部肌肉组织的三维 (3D) 模型。如果没有这样的模型，我们就无法确定大鼠如何改变其肌肉活动以改变胡须运动并获得特定类型的感官信息。我们无法知道哪些胡须运动是通过生物力学固定的，哪些胡须运动是通过生物力学固定的大鼠可以主动控制的运动。我们无法完全理解发送到胡须的电机命令肌肉。该提案的中心目标是开发啮齿动物面部的三维 (3D) 模型缩小这一差距的肌肉组织。我们将首先使用触觉轮廓测定法、组织学、MRI 和 CT 扫描可量化啮齿动物面部肌肉和容纳胡须的毛囊的解剖结构。使用这个解剖学之后，我们将构建胡须肌肉和毛囊的 3D 生物力学模型来模拟所有胡须的运动。这些模型将在几种不同的补充软件中进行验证和测试系统，然后用于测试每个与晶须相关的特定功能的十一个具体预测肌肉。最后，我们将把啮齿动物面部肌肉的 3D 模型与描述面部肌肉的现有模型相结合。胡须运动的感觉、触觉面。这些组合的肌肉感觉模拟将直接进行比较具有活跃的动物行为。这项工作朝着关闭电机动作和动作之间的循环迈出了一步获得的感觉数据，并有助于理清生物力学和神经控制的相对作用不同类型的搅拌。拟议的工作将为胡须神经通路的各个级别的研究提供信息，从初级感觉神经元到感觉和运动皮层区域，到参与控制的脑干区域胡须动作。更一般地说，搅拌代表了了解意志控制如何发挥作用的独特窗口。调节或覆盖中心模式的运动。节奏型和非节奏型之间的过渡有节奏的运动对于嗅觉、呼吸、嗅觉、咀嚼、吞咽和哺乳，因此拟议的工作可以阐明某些行为的神经力学基础儿童和老年吞咽困难。