Oil and Gas as Drivers of Climate Change and Health: Developing unique resources to investigate multi-level and diverse effects of exposure to oil and gas wells

项目摘要/摘要 石油和天然气行业产生的温室气体占全球温室气体总量的一半。地面上，当地的石油和天然气 生产会造成无数的暴露，可能会增加患哮喘和癌症的风险，以及肝脏的风险。 免疫性和神经性疾病。数百万加州居民在活跃的石油和天然气附近生活、工作和玩耍 因为州政府不要求这些水井之间的最小距离&学校、住宅、公园、 或者工作场所。暴露在油气井中是复杂和动态的，但很少有研究包括广度和 充分评估当代健康影响或了解未来变化所需的数据深度。这个 加州教师研究(CTS)是一个前瞻性观察队列，跟踪调查了N=133,477名成年人 自1995-1996年以来，几乎所有居住在加利福尼亚州的妇女都一直生活在那里。我们建议创建详细的、 关于CTS参与者在CTS后续行动期间接触油井和气井的个人数据。首先，我们将使用 加州保护地质部提供的加州所有油气井的详细数据 能源管理司(CalGEM)全州油井跟踪系统(Wellstar)和Enverus，a 维护所有油气井钻井的国家数据库的商业服务，识别谁是 暴露在油气井现场。我们将创建依赖于时间的曝光指标，以捕获个人的 暴露在活动井、闲置井和封顶井中，按时间、距离和产量以及燃烧情况 事件。其次，我们将把这些风险暴露与社区层面的其他社会经济措施结合起来 状况(来自美国人口普查局)和环境负担(来自CalEnviroScreen)。第三，我们将 描述油气井和产量随时间和跨CTS的真实暴露分布 感兴趣的参与者子组。这些汇总数据和数据可视化将提供具体和 详细的数据研究人员需要加快他们的规划和未来的研究。我们还将进行一项证明- 通过比较参与者中与呼吸相关的急诊科就诊模式的概念项目 暴露在油气井中的人和没有暴露在油气井中的人。CTS是生成这些信息的理想环境 可以加快气候变化研究的新数据。所有这些数据和资源都将公开 通过安全、用户友好且基于云的CTS研究人员平台，可供世界各地的研究人员使用。 这些数据将使能够量化石油和天然气生产影响的广泛研究成为可能 暴露在许多疾病终点上；评估这些暴露和 建筑和自然环境的其他方面；以及评估过去和未来的潜在影响 暴露的变化，例如当油井生产暂停或永久结束时。这些数据将定位 CTS将支持广泛的假设驱动的人口科学研究，即石油和天然气如何 生产影响人类健康，影响气候变化对人类健康的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT The oil and gas industry generates half of all global greenhouse gasses. On the ground, local oil and gas production creates myriad exposures that can increase risks of developing asthma and cancer, as well as liver, immune, and neurologic diseases. Millions of California residents live, work, and play near active oil and gas wells because the State does not require any minimum distance between those wells & schools, homes, parks, or workplaces. Exposure to oil & gas wells is complex and dynamic, but few studies include the breadth and depth of data necessary to fully assess contemporary health effects or understand future changes. The California Teachers Study (CTS) is a prospective observational cohort that has followed N=133,477 adult women, almost all of whom live in California, continuously since 1995-1996. We propose to create detailed, individual-level data on CTS participants' exposure to oil and gas wells during CTS follow-up. First, we will use detailed data on all oil and gas wells in California from the California Department of Conservation Geologic Energy Management Division (CalGEM) well statewide tracking system (WellSTAR) and from Enverus, a commercial service that maintains a national database of all oil and gas well drilling, system to identify who was exposed to oil and gas well sites. We will create time-dependent exposure metrics that capture individuals' exposures to active, idle, and capped wells, by time, distance, and production volume, as well as flaring events. Second, we will integrate those exposures with other neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status (from the US Census Bureau) and environment burden (from CalEnviroScreen). Third, we will characterize the real-world exposure distribution of oil and gas wells and production over time and across CTS participant subgroups of interest. These summary data and data visualizations will provide the specific and detailed data researchers need to accelerate their planning and future research. We will also conduct a proof- of-concept project by comparing respiratory-related emergency department visit patterns among participants who were exposed vs. unexposed to oil and gas wells. The CTS is an ideal setting in which to generate these novel data that can accelerate research on climate change. All of these data and resources will be openly available to researchers everywhere via the secure, user-friendly, and cloud-based CTS Researcher Platform. These data will enable a broad range of research that can quantify the effects of oil and gas production exposure on numerous disease endpoints; evaluate the potential interactions between these exposures and other aspects of the built and natural environment; and assess the potential impacts of past and future changes in exposure, such as when well production is paused or permanently ended. These data will position the CTS to support a broad range of hypothesis-driven population-sciences research on how oil and gas production affects human health and influences the impact of climate change on human health.