GRADED SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN LOCAL NEURAL CIRCUITS

局部神经回路中的分级突触传递

• 批准号: 3396422
• 负责人: KATHERINE GRAUBARD
• 金额: $ 18.57万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-07-01 至 1996-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3396422
• 关键词: Malacostraca; alternatives to animals in research; biological models; calcium flux; confocal scanning microscopy; dendrites; dyes; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; gait; ganglions; mastication; motor neurons; neural information processing; neural transmission; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; neuropil; neurotransmitters; pyloric region; stainings; synapses; thalamus; voltage /patch clamp

The objective of the proposed research is to increase our understanding of the synaptic mechanisms used by local circuit neurons and, in particular, to study the function of graded synaptic transmission in spiking, local circuit neurons. The immediate objective is to understand the contributions of graded, spike-evoked, and neuromodulator synaptic transmission to the functioning of a small neural network, the stomatogastric ganglion of lobsters and crabs. In earlier years of this grant, the physiological properties and some of the underlying mechanisms of graded synaptic transmission were described. In the next grant period, the focus will be on anatomical aspects of neuron structure and synaptic organization, and on correlated physiological measurements of voltage spread both within a neuron and between connected cell pairs. The methods to be used include: intracellular recording and dye injection, voltage clamp, immunostaining, and confocal microscopy. Stomatogastric neurons have the serial synaptic structure, extended dendrites, and graded synaptic properties that appear to be ideally designed for regional computation. However, so far there is no evidence that they regionally compute and it is not clear how they avoid doing so. Neuromodulators can functionally rewire the synaptic connections in the stomatogastric ganglion, but we don't known where they act. Thus, information on the synaptic organization of these neurons and on their electrotonic properties is essential if we are to understand the contribution made by each neuron to the functioning of this local neural circuit. Providing that information is the objective of this proposal. These neurons are structurally similar to less accessible thalamic neurons in humans and the stomatogastric motor network serves as a model for human rhythmic motor functions, including walking and chewing. By increasing our knowledge of how this model system works, we may gain clues to what underlies common motor pathologies and to how the system can be readjusted to restore normal function.

拟议研究的目的是增加我们对 局部回路神经元使用的突触机制，特别是 研究分级突触传递在尖峰、局部 电路神经元。 直接目标是了解 分级突触、尖峰诱发突触和神经调节突触的贡献 传输到小型神经网络的功能， 龙虾和螃蟹的口胃神经节。 在今年早些时候 授予，生理特性和一些潜在机制 描述了分级突触传递。 在下一个资助期内， 重点将放在神经元结构和突触的解剖学方面 组织，以及电压的相关生理测量 在神经元内和相连的细胞对之间传播。 方法 将使用的包括：细胞内记录和染料注射、电压 钳夹、免疫染色和共聚焦显微镜。 口胃神经元具有串行突触结构，延伸 树突和分级突触特性似乎是理想的 专为区域计算而设计。 但目前还没有证据表明 他们进行区域性计算，目前尚不清楚他们如何避免这样做。 神经调节剂可以在功能上重新连接突触连接 口胃神经节，但我们不知道它们在哪里发挥作用。 因此， 有关这些神经元突触组织及其作用的信息 如果我们要理解电紧张特性 每个神经元对该局部神经功能的贡献 电路。 提供该信息是本提案的目标。 这些神经元在结构上与难以接近的丘脑神经元相似 人类的口胃运动网络可以作为人类的模型 有节奏的运动功能，包括行走和咀嚼。 通过增加我们的 了解这个模型系统如何工作，我们可能会获得一些线索 常见运动病理学的基础以及如何重新调整系统 以恢复正常功能。