EXERCISE AND A HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET

高碳水化合物(CHO)、高纤维饮食和锻炼 由卫生专业人员推广是预防NIDDM的重要途径 或者帮助预防由 疾病。我们已经证明了定期进行有氧运动 改善糖耐量(OGTT)，胰岛素刺激葡萄糖摄取和 老年、糖耐量异常男性和老年男性骨骼肌Glut-4水平 女人。然而，当与高热量、高Cho、高纤维相结合时 饮食(60%CHO，20%脂肪，20%蛋白质，25g 纤维/1000千卡)没有运动引起的OGTT改善， 饮食耐量，或胰岛素刺激葡萄糖摄取。高胆固醇饮食 也与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的显著下降和 循环中的甘油三酯水平升高。这是一个小心翼翼的 受试者不允许失败的受控代谢研究 体重。随后的调查表明，当年纪较大时 男性和女性随意摄入类似的高CHO饮食(没有 试图限制能量)，他们的体重会显著减轻。 使用一组年长的男性和女性(120%到150%的理想 BMI，年龄在65岁到80岁之间)，我们建议考察广告的影响 单独或结合有氧运动的高胆固醇饮食 关于身体成分、胰岛素作用和肌肉代谢的程序。我们 建议测试这一假设，即当受试者摄入高胆固醇时， 高纤维饮食随意，他们会减肥并展示 葡萄糖耐量增加和胰岛素刺激葡萄糖摄取。 我们还将研究低热量(-500千卡/天)高胆固醇的影响 单独饮食，并与有氧运动相结合，以产生 能源短缺。具体地说，我们将检查身体成分，胰岛素 刺激葡萄糖处置(在正常血糖、高胰岛素血症期间 钳夹)，能量代谢的组成部分，肌肉力量和力量， 最大有氧能力和肌肉代谢(纤维类型和大小， 糖原合成酶、糖原含量、GLUT 4mRNA) 几个月来的体重减轻。这项研究将是第一次检查新陈代谢 随意饮食和低热量高CHO饮食(含或 没有运动)的老年人。拟议的研究将包括 肥胖症及其庞大的系列治疗的重要意义 常见于老年男性和女性的并发症。

A high carbohydrate (CHO) high fiber diet and exercise have been promoted by health professionals as an important way to prevent NIDDM or to help prevent the vast array of symptoms that result from the disease. We have demonstrated that regularly performed aerobic exercise improved glucose tolerance (OGTT), insulin stimulated glucose uptake and skeletal muscle GLUT-4 levels in older, glucose intolerant men and women. However, when combined with a eucaloric, high CHO, high fiber diet (60 percent CHO, 20 percent fat, 20 percent protein, 25 g fiber/1000 kcal) there were no exercise induced improvements in OGTT, meal tolerance, or insulin stimulated glucose uptake. The high CHO diet was also associated with a significant drop in HDL cholesterol and an increase in circulating triglyceride levels. This was a carefully controlled metabolic study in which subjects were not permitted to lose body weight. A subsequent investigation demonstrated that when older men and women consume a similar high CHO diet ad libitum (with no attempt at energy restriction), they experience significant weight loss. Using a group of older men and women (120 through 150 percent of ideal BMI, age 65 to 80 years), we propose to examine the influence of an ad libitum high CHO diet alone or in conjunction with an aerobic exercise program on body composition, insulin action, and muscle metabolism. We propose to test the hypothesis that when subjects consume a high CHO, high fiber diet ad libitum, they will lose weight and demonstrate increases in glucose tolerance and insulin stimulated glucose uptake. We will also examine the effects of a hypocaloric (-500 kcal/d) high CHO diet alone and in conjunction with an aerobic exercise to produce an energy deficit. Specifically, we will examine body composition, insulin stimulated glucose disposal (during a euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp), components of energy metabolism, muscle strength and power, maximal aerobic capacity and muscle metabolism (fiber type and size, glycogen synthase, glycogen content, GLUT 4 mRNA) before and after 3 months of weight loss. This study will be the first to examine metabolic effects of an ad libitum and a hypocaloric high CHO diet (with or without exercise) in the elderly. The proposed studies will have important implications for the treatment of obesity and its vast array of complications that are often seen in older men and women.