Women, Alcohol and HIV Risk: Examining Dyad Interactions

女性、酒精和艾滋病毒风险：检查二元相互作用

• 批准号: 6697949
• 负责人: TINA M ZAWACKI
• 金额: $ 7.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SAN ANTONIO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-30 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6697949
• 关键词: HIV infections; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cues; decision making; disease /disorder proneness /risk; dyadic interaction; female; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; paralinguistic behavior; perception; questionnaires; sex behavior; verbal behavior; videotape /videodisc

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Rates of HIV infection remain high among young women. By far, the major route of HIV transmission for this group is risk activity. Research suggests that young adults are not adept at assessing the HIV risk of potential partners, and that alcohol consumption may contribute to inaccurate risk assessment. The goal of the proposed research is to reduce the incidence of women's acquisition of HIV by delineating the mechanisms through which alcohol affects assessment of a potential partner's HIV risk. Although alcohol's role in risk taking behaviors has been studied extensively through survey methodology, few experimental studies have been conducted on this topic. Previous experimental studies have utilized responses to surveys or vignettes as proxies for actual social interaction. The proposed study utilizes experimental methods in order to investigate alcohol's effects on women's perceptions of and behavioral reactions to a male confederate during a face-to-face interaction. The proposed study is a laboratory experiment using a 3 (Alcohol condition of participant: Sober, Placebo, Intoxicated) X 2 (Known HIV risk of confederate: Low, High) X 2 (Relationship interest of confederate: Low, High) design. Through the inclusion of a placebo cell, both expectancy and pharmacological effects of alcohol can be examined. Manipulated characteristics of the confederate reflect aspects of risky decision making that may create conflict for women. Theories about alcohol's effects on cognition suggest that it is high conflict situations that are especially vulnerable to alcohol-related risk taking. Prior to the laboratory session, participants will complete questionnaires that assess their attitudes, prior behaviors, and personality traits that may affect their risk assessment of potential partners, such as dating and relationship history, attitudes about casual relationships, usual alcohol consumption, alcohol expectancies, gender role beliefs, and impulsivity. These individual difference variables will also be examined as potential moderators of alcohol's effects on risk assessment and behavior. Dependent variables will include self report measures of risk appraisal and decision making. In addition, each session will be videotaped and coded in order to assess participants' behavioral reactions to the confederate. The findings of this study will contribute to tailoring prevention programs specifically for young women.

描述（由申请人提供）：年轻女性的艾滋病毒感染率仍然很高。到目前为止，该群体艾滋病毒传播的主要途径是危险活动。研究表明，年轻人不善于评估潜在伴侣的艾滋病毒风险，而饮酒可能会导致风险评估不准确。拟议研究的目标是通过描述酒精影响潜在伴侣艾滋病毒风险评估的机制来降低女性感染艾滋病毒的发生率。尽管通过调查方法已广泛研究了酒精在冒险行为中的作用，但对此主题进行的实验研究很少。之前的实验研究利用对调查或小插曲的反应作为实际社交互动的代表。拟议的研究利用实验方法来调查酒精对女性在面对面互动期间对男性同伴的看法和行为反应的影响。拟议的研究是一项实验室实验，采用 3（参与者的酒精状况：清醒、安慰剂、醉酒）X 2（已知的同伙 HIV 风险：低、高）X 2（同伙的关系兴趣：低、高）设计。通过纳入安慰剂细胞，可以检查酒精的预期作用和药理作用。同盟者的受操纵特征反映了可能给女性带来冲突的危险决策的各个方面。关于酒精对认知的影响的理论表明，高度冲突的情况特别容易受到与酒精相关的冒险行为的影响。在实验室会议之前，参与者将完成调查问卷，评估他们的态度、先前行为和可能影响潜在伴侣风险评估的人格特征，例如约会和关系历史、对随意关系的态度、通常的饮酒量、饮酒预期、性别角色信念和冲动。这些个体差异变量也将作为酒精对风险评估和行为影响的潜在调节因素进行检查。因变量将包括风险评估和决策的自我报告措施。此外，每次会议都将被录像和编码，以评估参与者对同盟者的行为反应。这项研究的结果将有助于专门针对年轻女性制定预防计划。