Spatial neglect and bias in near and far space

描述(由申请者提供)：这项建议考察了近距离和远距离非个人空间中的空间偏见和分心。这位候选人之前在一名中风后有驾驶问题的患者中观察到了严重的注意力不对称。FAR偏差既有实际意义，也有理论意义：它可能会导致受损的司机转向，导致事故。脑损伤受试者的不对称视觉-运动行为可能是由于有偏见的知觉-注意(PA)系统、有偏见的运动-意向(MI)系统、组合偏见或其他因素造成的。在五个实验中，候选人将评估当受试者在近空间和远空间执行视频程序时，由PA和MI偏差造成的错误比例。在实验1和实验2中，她将操纵表现监测条件，以估计中风后空间忽视中注意力偏向和远空间分心与近空间分心的PA/MI成分。由于中风后几个月，在常规视觉空间任务中恢复的患者可能仍有功能障碍，在实验3中，候选人将检查分离PA和MI偏差是否可以检测到持续的病理错误。候选人将在中风后对患者进行尖锐的评估，然后在随后的六个月内重复评估，检查近/远PA和MI偏差的演变。在实验4中，候选人将检验单眼贴片、金刚烷胺和联合治疗如何影响近/远空间偏向和分心。在实验5中，将卒中后有非病理性偏见(补偿性偏盲)的受试者与先前实验中有病理性偏见(对侧/同侧忽视)的受试者进行比较。大量的临床和科学培训为候选人开始她职业生涯的这一独立阶段做好了准备。独立临床研究员奖(K02)将为她继续她的学术发展提供必要的时间和资源。本研究有助于阐明脑损伤后近空间和远空间定向和视觉-运动偏向的神经心理学机制，为脑注意系统的研究奠定基础。然而，这项工作也可能促进神经学受损的人在复杂环境中安全和适应性运动的理解，改善他们的驾驶和功能独立性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal examines spatial bias and distraction in near and far extrapersonal space. The Candidate previously observed far asymmetric attention in a patient with driving problems post-stroke. Far bias has both pragmatic and theoretical implications: it might induce impaired drivers to veer, causing accidents. Asymmetric visual-motor behavior in brain-injured subjects may be due to biased perceptual-attentional (PA) systems, biased motor-intentional (MI) systems, combined bias, or other factors. In five experiments, the Candidate will assess the proportion of error accounted for by PA and MI bias as subjects perform a video procedure in near and far space. In Experiments 1 & 2, she will manipulate performance-monitoring conditions to estimate PA/MI components of attentional bias and distractibility in near versus far space in post-stroke spatial neglect. Since months post-stroke, patients who have recovered on conventional visual-spatial tasks may still be still functionally disabled, in Experiment 3 the Candidate will examine whether separating PA and MI bias allows detection of persistent pathological errors. The Candidate will assess patients acutely post-stroke, and then repeatedly over a subsequent six months, examining evolution of near/far PA and MI bias. In Experiment 4, the Candidate will examine how monocular patching, amantadine, and combined treatment influence near/far spatial bias and distractibility. In Experiment 5, post-stroke subjects with presumed non-pathologic bias (compensated hemianopia) are compared with subjects with pathologic bias (contralateral/ipsilateral neglect) on the previous experiments. Considerable clinical and scientific training prepared the Candidate to begin this independent phase of her career. The Independent Clinical Investigator Award (K02) will provide essential time and resources as she continues her academic development. The present studies may clarify the neuropsychological mechanisms of orienting and visual-motor bias in near and far space after brain injury, contributing to the literature on brain attentional systems. However, this work may also advance understanding of safe and adaptive movement in complex environments by neurologically-impaired persons, improving their driving and functional independence.