Protective Mechanisms Against Pandemic Respiratory Virus

这个人类免疫学和生物防御转化研究合作中心的名称是 流感免疫：对大流行性呼吸道病毒的保护机制。我们 目的是使用疫苗诱导的和自然获得的甲型流感免疫作为模型， 全面，综合分析适应性和先天免疫机制和抗菌 保护儿童和成人的呼吸道。流感免疫学与生物防御相关 因为甲型流感很有可能被基因改造，从而制造出一种生物恐怖分子。 此外，甲型流感引起自然大流行，这可以使大部分人丧失能力。 人口，危及防备。甲型流感具有微生物病原体的许多特征 可能成为平民生物恐怖主义的代理人其中包括：高致病能力 发病率和死亡率，人与人之间的高效传播，气溶胶的高传染性， 导致大规模爆发的能力，可能引起公众的焦虑， 被武器化虽然存在流感疫苗，但免疫机制， 在人类宿主中，对呼吸道触觉中诱导的呼吸系统疾病知之甚少。基因改变的甲型流感 表达独特的血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）蛋白的病毒具有以下能力： 感染所有年龄组。在生物防御的背景下，保护的速度可以在一个 非免疫人群至关重要。甲型流感模型有望更好地定义 控制呼吸道感染的特化适应性B细胞和T细胞免疫机制 系统我们的研究方法还包括研究先天的自然杀伤细胞反应 与儿童和成人获得适应性免疫的同时，比较 流感疫苗将在宿主对肠胃外施用的应答时识别差异， 灭活抗原，与通过呼吸途径递送的减毒活病毒相比。在我们的中心， 领导研究资源技术开发部分和研究的研究人员 这些项目将把基本的免疫学方法快速转化为分析应用 先天性和获得性甲型流感免疫。这些创新将具有广泛的意义， 了解人类对生物防御所关注的微生物病原体的免疫力。

This Cooperative Center for Translational Research on Human Immunology and Biodefense is entitled 'Influenza Immunity: Protective Mechanisms against a Pandemic Respiratory Virus'. Our objective is to use vaccine-induced and naturally acquired influenza A immunity as a model for comprehensive, integrated analyses of adaptive and innate immune mechanisms and antimicrobial protection of the respiratory tract in children and adults. Influenza immunology is relevant to biodefense because influenza A has significant potential to be modified genetically to create a bioterrorist agent. Further, influenza A causes natural pandemics, which can incapacitate a large fraction of the population, endangering preparedness. Influenza A has many characteristics of microbial pathogens that could become agents of civilian bioterrorism. Among these are: capacity to cause illness with high morbidity and mortality, highly efficient person-to-person transmission, high infectivity by aerosol, resulting in the capacity to cause large outbreaks, potential to cause anxiety in the public, and potential to be weaponized. While influenza vaccines exist, the immunologic mechanisms by which protection is induced in the respiratory tact are poorly understood in the human host. Genetically altered influenza A viruses that express unique hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins have the capacity to infect all age groups. In a biodefense context, the rapidity with which protection can be elicited in a non-immune population is critical. The influenza A model is expected to allow a better definition of specialized adaptive B cell and T cell immune mechanisms that control infections of the respiratory system. Our investigative approach also encompasses the study of innate, natural killer cell responses to influenza, in parallel with acquisition of adaptive immunity in children and adults. Comparing influenza vaccines will identify differences when the host responds to parenterally administered, inactivated antigens, versus live attenuated virus delivered via the respiratory route. At our Center, investigators leading the Research Resource Technical Development component and the Research Projects will undertake rapid translation of basic immunology methods into applications for analyzing innate and acquired influenza A immunity. These innovations will have broad relevance for understanding human immunity against microbial pathogens of concern for biodefense.