Exploring the neurobiological response to anti-drug media messages with fMRI

药物滥用是一个主要的公共卫生问题，预防有问题的药物使用已成为公共卫生的优先事项。被归类为高感觉寻求者的个人容易受到药物滥用和其他可能导致不良健康结果的危险行为的影响。感觉寻求是一种基于生物学的人格特征，其特征是倾向于寻找和参与新颖和多样化的体验，以保持最佳的唤醒水平-即使这些体验涉及重大风险。预防方案，使用电视公益广告（公益广告）为高感觉寻求者量身定制的有效激励行为和态度的变化，通过纳入新奇和高感觉值，吸引和保持观众的注意力。虽然在开展有针对性的预防运动方面取得了进展，但尚未深入探讨影响态度改变的认知和神经生物学机制。本申请使用最先进的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来探索由高和低感觉寻求个体处理高感觉值PSA所涉及的神经生物学系统。本研究将确定处理PSA的神经基质是否与新奇检测/寻求多巴胺奖励系统重叠，或者神经基质是否与涉及自主唤醒和情绪调节的大脑系统重叠。鉴于青春期是首次使用药物、使用频率和滥用发展的一个相当脆弱的时期，本研究包括两个年龄组-青少年和青年。功能磁共振成像是一种理想的技术，用于探索参与处理复杂媒体信息（如PSA）的神经系统，因为它具有非侵入性的性质，能够揭示反映许多大脑系统参与的大规模激活模式，这些系统可能参与复杂的信息处理。不同大脑系统的表征是通过两个常用的任务--新奇感检测和情绪诱导--结合对不同感觉值（高和低）和主题内容（药物滥用与安全性行为）的PSA的处理来完成的。在这项研究中使用的公益广告的目的是达到高感觉寻求者，并已被证明以前的青少年的态度改变的影响。公益广告的特点是感觉价值。本申请中提出的研究将为产生关于通过抗药物PSA影响态度或行为改变的潜在神经生物学和认知机制的假设提供基础。将社区、行为和神经生物学研究项目结合起来，将为进一步确定和提高预防信息的有效性提供一种手段。描述可能尝试毒品的个人中参与处理禁毒媒体信息的大脑系统可以更好地了解未来如何设计预防信息。更好地理解所涉及的神经系统可以导致创造性的方法来唤起这些人的态度和行为改变。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Drug abuse is a major public health concern and preventing the onset of problematic drug use has become a public health priority. Individuals classified as high sensation seekers are vulnerable to drug abuse and other risky behaviors that may result in poor health outcomes. Sensation seeking is a biologically based personality trait marked by a tendency to seek out and engage in novel and varied experiences to maintain an optimal level of arousal -- even if those experiences involve significant risk. Prevention programs that use televised public service announcements (PSAs) tailored for high sensation seekers have been effective at motivating behavior and attitude change by incorporating elements of novelty and high sensation value that attract and hold the attention of the viewer. Although progress has been made with targeted prevention campaigns, the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms involved in effecting attitude change have not been addressed in depth. The present application uses state-of-the-art functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore the neurobiological systems involved in processing high sensation value PSAs by high and low sensation seeking individuals. This study will determine whether the neural substrates of processing PSAs overlap with the novelty detection / seeking dopamine reward system or whether the neural substrates overlap with brain systems involved in autonomic arousal and emotional regulation. Given that adolescence is a fairly vulnerable period for initial drug use, frequency of use, and development of abuse, the present study includes two age groups -- adolescents and young adults. fMRI is an ideal technique for exploring the neural systems involved in processing complex media messages like PSAs due to its non-invasive nature and capacity to reveal large scale activation patterns that reflect the participation of numerous brain systems, which are likely engaged with complex message processing. The characterization of different brain systems is accomplished with two commonly used tasks - novelty detection and emotional induction - in conjunction with the processing of PSAs that vary in sensation value (high and low) and thematic content (substance abuse versus safe sex). The PSAs used in this study were designed to reach high sensation seekers and have been shown previously to effect attitude change in adolescents. The PSAs are well characterized in terms of sensation value. The research proposed in this application will provide a foundation for generating hypotheses about potential neurobiological and cognitive mechanisms involved in effecting attitude or behavior change through anti-drug PSAs. Uniting community, behavioral, and neurobiological programs of research will provide a means of further identifying and increasing the effectiveness of prevention messages. Characterizing the brain systems involved in processing anti-drug media messages in individuals who are likely to try drugs can lead to a better understanding of how to design prevention messages in the future. A better understanding of the neural systems involved can lead to creative ways to invoke attitude and behavior change in these individuals.