Carryover from year -09 for Phase II Evaluation of EMD 12194

前列腺癌是美国癌症死亡的第二大原因。主要原因是 死亡是一种远处转移疾病，雄激素剥夺是其最初的治疗标准。 然而，几乎所有接受雄激素剥夺治疗的患者都会以一种可预测的和不可逆转的方式进展。 对雄激素非依赖性和激素不耐受状态的态度。 PSA在临床上的广泛应用改变了激素抵抗型前列腺癌患者的情况。 癌症。这一范围现在涵盖了疾病负担和症状有显著差异的患者。 可以识别的患者主要有三类：非转移性雄激素非依赖性疾病 PSA升高(即仅PSA疾病)，PSA升高伴稳定转移疾病，PSA升高伴 客观进步。尽管从历史上看，在这个阶段，系统治疗的作用是姑息的。 随着疾病的发展，药物开发的进步导致了对化疗对生存影响的调查。连 尽管以紫杉烷为基础的化疗可能会对生存率产生影响，但其效果仍然是 并不是最理想的，因为它的毒性很复杂，治疗潜力令人怀疑。就像任何转移瘤一样 癌症，在这种情况下治疗的最终目标是明确的：延长生命，降低发病率，并 提高生活质量。因此，研究替代的新颖方法尤为重要 源于对该病生物学的观察

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The primary cause of mortality is distant metastatic disease for which androgen deprivation is the initial therapeutic standard. However, virtually all patients treated with androgen deprivation will progress in a predictable and irreversible manner to androgen independence and hormone refractory state. The wide spread use of PSA in the clinic has altered the profile of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. The spectrum now encompasses patients with marked differences in disease burden and symptoms with three main categories of patients that can be identified: Non- metastatic androgen independent disease with rising PSA (i.e. PSA-only disease), rising PSA with stable metastatic disease, and increasing PSA with objective progression. Although historically the role of systemic therapy has been palliative in this stage of the disease, progress in drug development has led to investigating the impact of chemotherapy on survival. Even though it is likely that taxane-based chemotherapy may have an impact on survival, the effect nonetheless is not optimal in that it is complicated by toxicities and has doubtful curative potential. As with any metastatic cancer, the ultimate goals of therapy in this setting are clear: to prolong life, to decrease morbidity, and to increase quality of life. Therefore it is particularly important to investigate alternative novel approaches that stem from observation on the biology of the disease