Human Studies of Diet and Nutrition

人类饮食与营养研究

• 批准号: 7593152
• 负责人: Philip Taylor
• 金额: $ 0.27万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7593152
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Androstenedione; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Autoantibodies; Binding; Bioavailable; Biological Availability; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotenoids; Chemopreventive Agent; Clinical Nutrition; Clinical Trials; DNA Damage; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Diet; Diet Records; Diet and Nutrition; Dietary Fats; Dose; Drug Kinetics; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Estradiol; Estrogens; Estrone-Sulfate; Evaluation; Food; Frequencies; High Fiber Diet Low Fat; Hormones; Human; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Intake; Intervention; Label; Leptin; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Macronutrients Nutrition; Malignant Neoplasms; Menstrual cycle; Menstrual fluid; Menstruation; Metabolic; Methodology; Micronutrients; Nutritional Study; Oxidative Stress; Physical activity; Plasma; Postmenopause; Pregnancy; Premenopause; Questionnaires; Research; Risk Factors; Role; Safety; Selenium; Serum; Statistical Models; Testosterone; Water; Woman; age related; alpha-carotene; cancer chemoprevention; cancer risk; feeding; human study; improved; insulin sensitivity; lutean; malignant breast neoplasm; men; urinary; zeaxanthin

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this research are to evaluate the metabolic effects of dietary changes relevant to cancer and to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and mechanisms of action of macro- and micronutrients with cancer chemoprevention potential. BACKGROUND: Clinical nutrition studies provide information that helps bridge the gap between observational research and clinical trials by assessing potential mechanisms of action and other parameters important in developing intervention strategies. METHODS: Since 1983, collaborative efforts with the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center of the USDA in clinical nutrition research has resulted in conduct of over 10 studies, focused primarily on antioxidant and hormone research. Studies have evaluated the dose, bioavailability, and safety of selenium, carotenoids, and vitamin C, and the potential modulating role of dietary fat and alcohol on hormones. PROGRESS: PAST STUDIES - (1) Evaluation of carotenoids in premenopausal women on and off alcohol on the same controlled diet showed that plasma levels of both beta- and alpha-carotene were higher on alcohol, while lutean/zeaxanthin levels were lower. (2) In another controlled diet study, all plasma carotenoid levels were found to vary over the menstrual cycle: concentrations were lowest at menses and each peaked following the peak of its lipoprotein carrier. (3) Hormone evaluations in premenopausal women have shown that taller women have higher estradiol (E2), that pregnancy may modify the age-related changes in E2 levels (E2 decreases with age in parous women but increases in nulliparous), that energy intake is inversely related to serum levels of androstenedione and DHEAS, and P:S ratio is inversely related to E2 and E1 levels. (4) In men, a controlled high-fat/low-fiber diet resulted in higher plasma levels of total and SHBG-bound testosterone, higher urinary testosterone, and lower urinary estrogens compared to a low-fat/high-fiber diet. RECENT STUDIES - (1) A recently completed controlled alcohol feeding study in postmenopausal women determined that alcohol ingestion led to increased levels of both estrone sulfate and DHEA sulfate, providing support for one possible mechanism of action for the observed relation of alcohol to breast cancer risk. In other analyses from this study, alcohol consumption reduced lipid-related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, bioavailable IGF-1, and serum B12 levels; improved insulin sensitivity; increased serum leptin and some markers of oxidative stress; and did not affect autoantibodies to DNA damage. Dietary methodology studies conducted as part of this study compared energy expenditure from four physical activity questionnaires with doubly labeled water estimates, and documented calorie intake misreporting by diet record and food frequency questionnaires (also in relation to doubly labeled water). (2) A study of the pharmacokinetics of selenium, a particularly promising chemopreventive agent, has been completed and statistical modeling is ongoing.

目的：这项研究的目标是评估与癌症相关的饮食变化的代谢作用，并评估具有癌症化学预防潜力的宏观和微量营养素的安全性，药代动力学，生物利用度和作用机制。背景：临床营养研究提供了信息，通过评估对制定干预策略重要的动作和其他参数的潜在机制和其他参数，来帮助弥合观察研究和临床试验之间的差距。方法：自1983年以来，在USDA临床营养研究中与Beltsville人类营养研究中心的合作努力已导致进行了10多种研究，主要集中于抗氧化剂和激素研究。研究评估了硒，类胡萝卜素和维生素C的剂量，生物利用度和安全性，以及饮食脂肪和酒精对激素的潜在调节作用。进展：过去的研究 - （1）对同一受控饮食中饮酒和饮酒的类胡萝卜素的类胡萝卜素的评估表明，β-和α-胡萝卜素的血浆水平较高，而Lutean/Zeaxanthin水平较低。 （2）在另一项受控饮食研究中，所有血浆类胡萝卜素水平在月经周期中均有所不同：月经的浓度最低，并且在其脂蛋白载体峰值之后达到峰值。 （3）绝经前妇女的激素评估表明，高女性的雌二醇具有较高的雌二醇（E2），怀孕可能会改变E2水平与年龄相关的变化（E2随着繁殖性女性的年龄而降低，但无效的女性增加），该能量摄入量与E2级别的E2级别与E2级别相关，并与E2级别相关。 （4）在男性中，与低脂/高纤维饮食相比，男性受控的高脂/低纤维饮食导致较高的血浆和SHBG结合的睾丸激素水平较高，尿中睾丸激素较高，尿雌激素较低，而低脂/高纤维饮食则较低。最近的研究 - （1）绝经后妇女的一项最近完成的受控酒精喂养研究确定，饮酒导致硫酸雌酮和硫酸脱氢烷硫酸盐的水平增加，从而为观察到的酒精与乳腺癌风险关系的一种可能作用机理提供了支持。在这项研究的其他分析中，饮酒降低了脂质相关的心血管疾病，可生物利用的IGF-1和血清B12水平的危险因素；提高胰岛素敏感性；血清瘦素增加和一些氧化应激标志物；并且不影响自身抗体对DNA损伤。作为本研究的一部分进行的饮食方法论研究比较了四个体育活动问卷的能量支出，并将其标记为水估计值，并记录了通过饮食记录和食品频率问卷调查的卡路里摄入量（也与双重标记的水有关）。 （2）对硒的药代动力学（一种特别有希望的化学预防剂）的研究已经完成，并且正在进行统计建模。