CHOLINERGIC EFFECTS ON INHIBITION AND DELAY IN ADHD AND HEALTHY CONTROLS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 被诊断为注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的人吸烟率明显高于没有这种诊断的人。这其中的原因不得而知。ADHD患者在某些领域也表现出认知缺陷。这些能力包括抑制响应的能力(脉冲控制)和容忍延迟的能力(等待)。有证据表明，这些损伤与大脑中一种名为多巴胺的化学物质的水平有关。众所周知，香烟中含有的尼古丁会增加大脑中多巴胺的释放，并已被证明可以改善患有ADHD的成年人的冲动控制和延迟耐受性。这项研究的目的是确定尼古丁是否短暂地改善了患有ADHD的年轻人和没有ADHD的健康志愿者的认知表现。这项研究并不是测试尼古丁作为治疗ADHD的方法，而是使用尼古丁来帮助了解ADHD患者大脑功能的差异可能会如何影响他们的行为。这些知识可能会帮助我们理解为什么这么多被诊断患有ADHD的人吸烟，并可能有助于未来开发更好、更安全的ADHD治疗方法。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. People who are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) smoke cigarettes at significantly higher rates than people who do not have this diagnosis. The reason for this is unknown. People with ADHD also show deficits in certain areas of cognition. These include the ability to withhold a response (impulse control) and the ability to tolerate delays (waiting). There is evidence that these impairments are related to the level of a chemical in the brain called dopamine. Nicotine, which is contained in cigarettes, is known to increase the release of dopamine in the brain, and has been shown to improve both impulse control and delay tolerance in adults who have ADHD. The goal of this study is to determine if nicotine briefly improves cognitive performance both in young adults with ADHD, and in healthy volunteers who do not have ADHD. This study is not testing nicotine as a treatment for ADHD, but is rather using nicotine to help understand how the differences in the brain functioning of people who have ADHD may affect their behavior. This knowledge may help us understand why so many people who are diagnosed with ADHD smoke cigarettes, and may help in the future development of better and safer treatments for ADHD.