Spatial Hearing in Children with Normal Hearing and Bilateral Cochlear Implants

听力正常且双侧人工耳蜗植入儿童的空间听力

• 批准号: 7628035
• 负责人: Ruth Y Litovsky
• 金额: $ 46.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-04 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7628035
• 关键词: Acoustics; Adult; Age; Auditory; Auditory system; Benchmarking; Bilateral; Biological; Child; Childhood; Cochlear Implants; Complex; Contralateral; Cues; Decision Making; Development; Ear; Environment; Goals; Head; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Implant; Individual; Learning; Left; Life; Linguistics; Location; Masks; Measures; Mediating; Noise; Performance; Plant Roots; Population; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Research; Research Personnel; Role; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Intelligibility; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Visual; Work; auditory deprivation; deafness; experience; hearing impairment; precedence effect; premature; programs; relating to nervous system; research clinical testing; skills; tool; virtual

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this research is to understand how children hear in complex auditory environments. Spatial hearing, the ability to understanding speech in background noise and suppression of interference from echoes (precedence effect; PE) will be studied in children with normal hearing and in deaf children who received bilateral cochlear implants (BI-CIs). Aim 1 is to investigate the maturational progression of spatial hearing in complex acoustic environments, and the degradation that noise and echoes have on these abilities. We will test the hypothesis that spatial hearing skills are well developed early in life under simple conditions but not under complex, challenging conditions, such as when competing signals, echoes or noise are present. Aim 2 is to investigate Speech intelligibility in a multi-source environment in normal-hearing children. The decrease in masking due to spatial separation of the target and interferers (spatial release from masking; SRM) will be the focus of this work. We will test hypotheses regarding the maturation of centrally- mediated auditory abilities during childhood. Studies in Aims 1 and 2 will also provide important benchmarks for understanding the significance of bilateral benefits in children with hearing loss, and in particular for a growing population of children with bilateral cochlear implants (BI-CIs). In Aim 3, using measures from Aims 1 and 2, benefits of BI-CIs will be studied in groups of children that vary according to auditory experience prior to, and following, activation of their second implant. It is hypothesized that children with simultaneous BI-CIs will be on a quicker trajectory for emergence of bilateral benefits than children with sequential BI-CIs; that differences will be significantly diminished after 2 years of bilateral experience; that children with post- lingual deafness will perform better than those with pre-lingual deafness due to early establishment of binaural circuitry. The proposed work will help us to better understand the development of functions that are important in everyday situations. The measures developed here can be eventually implemented in clinical evaluations of amplification and fitting strategies. Findings from the BI-CI studies will provide quantitative measures of bilateral benefit in children and will be enlightening about the role of auditory plasticity and experience in a young human population.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的总体目标是了解儿童在复杂的听觉环境中如何听到声音。将在听力正常的儿童和接受双侧人工耳蜗植入 (BI-CI) 的聋哑儿童中研究空间听力、背景噪声中理解语音的能力以及抑制回声干扰的能力（优先效应；PE）。目标 1 是研究复杂声学环境中空间听力的成熟进程，以及噪声和回声对这些能力的影响。我们将检验这样一个假设：空间听觉技能在生命早期在简单的条件下得到了很好的发展，但在复杂、具有挑战性的条件下（例如存在竞争信号、回声或噪音时）却没有得到很好的发展。目标 2 是调查正常听力儿童在多源环境中的语音清晰度。由于目标和干扰物的空间分离而导致的掩蔽减少（掩蔽的空间释放；SRM）将是这项工作的重点。我们将测试有关童年时期中枢介导的听觉能力成熟的假设。目标 1 和 2 的研究还将为了解听力损失儿童的双边益处的重要性提供重要基准，特别是对于越来越多的双侧人工耳蜗 (BI-CI) 儿童群体。在目标 3 中，使用目标 1 和 2 中的措施，将在儿童组中研究 BI-CI 的益处，这些儿童组根据第二个植入物激活之前和之后的听觉体验而有所不同。据推测，同时接受 BI-CI 的儿童比接受连续 BI-CI 的儿童更快地获得双边利益；经过两年的双边经验后，差异将显着减少；由于双耳电路的早期建立，语后耳聋的儿童比语前耳聋的儿童表现更好。拟议的工作将帮助我们更好地理解日常情况下重要的功能的开发。这里开发的措施最终可以在扩增和拟合策略的临床评估中实施。 BI-CI 研究的结果将提供对儿童双边益处的定量测量，并将对年轻人口中听觉可塑性和体验的作用具有启发性。