NEUROIMAGING, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 1. 我们感兴趣的是神经精神疾病中发生的微妙的认知功能障碍。有越来越多的证据表明，在与所讨论的疾病相关的坦率的精神和神经症状发作之前，可能存在认知功能的变化[1，2，3，4]，如果是这样，这些可能代表病理过程的最初表现。认知障碍的性质迄今为止还没有得到很好的描述，因此也没有得到很好的理解。总体而言，受影响的功能似乎是注意力、记忆力和“执行”功能（决策能力）[5，6，7，8]。 在本方案中，我们将调查范围限制在上面列出的两个具体子集：内隐记忆/学习，以及注意力的一个方面，持续注意力（有时称为警惕性）。在未来，我们打算谨慎地扩大我们的重点，包括工作记忆，执行功能和可能的视觉注意力方面。我们正在开发这些功能磁共振成像范例，并将在适当的时候引入它们。 如本方案最早的迭代中所述，我们感兴趣的是研究患有亨廷顿氏病（HD）、帕金森氏病（PD）、情感性疾病（即重度抑郁症）和精神分裂症的受试者。我们希望纳入一组在遗传上有患阿尔茨海默病（AD）风险的受试者。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. 1. We are interested in subtle cognitive dysfunction that occurs in neuropsychiatric illness. There is mounting evidence that prior to the onset of frank psychiatric and neurologic symptoms associated with the illnesses in question, there may be changes in cognitive function [1,2,3,4], if so, these may represent the first manifestations of pathologic processes. The nature of the cognitive impairments are as yet poorly characterized and subsequently not well understood. In gross terms the functions affected appear to be attention, memory, and "executive" function (decision making abilities) [5,6,7,8]. In this protocol we will limit our area of inquiry to two specific subsets of the broad categories listed above: implicit memory/learning, and one aspect of attention, sustained attention (sometimes referred to as vigilance). In the future we intend to cautiously broaden our focus to include aspects of working memory, executive function and likely visual attention. We have these fMRI paradigms in development and will introduce them when appropriate. We are interested, as described in the earliest of iterations of this protocol in studying subjects with Huntington's Disease (HD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Affective illness (i.e. Major Depression) and Schizophrenia. We would like to include a cohort of subjects genetically at risk for Alzheimer's Disease (AD).