Visual/Spatial Properties of Posterior Parietal Neurons

后顶叶神经元的视觉/空间特性

• 批准号: 7668544
• 负责人: RICHARD A ANDERSEN
• 金额: $ 50.88万
• 依托单位: CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-03-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7668544
• 关键词: Accounting; Area; Behavior; Body part; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebral cortex; Code; Complex; Computer Simulation; Diagnosis; Disease; Dorsal; Eye; Eye Movements; Figs - dietary; Goals; Grant; Hand; Joints; Knowledge; Limb structure; Location; Methods; Motor; Motor Cortex; Motor output; Movement; Muscle; Nature; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Patients; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Process; Property; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Rotation; Saccades; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stroke; System; Testing; Translations; Traumatic Brain Injury; Visuospatial; Work; computer studies; design; eye hand coordination; frontal eye fields; gaze; insight; lateral intraparietal area; nerve supply; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; novel; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; therapy design; visual motor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application is to study how sensory-motor transformations are accomplished in the cerebral cortex. In particular we will examine how spatial information is represented in cortex (Aim 1) and how coordinate transformations are accomplished between these representations (Aim 2). Previous work on these topics has examined how space is represented for achieving the movement of a single effector, for instance the eyes or the hand. However, movements generally involve multiple effectors and typically include hand-eye and bimanual movements. In Aim 1 we will advance a new finding, made in dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) during the last grant period, of a relative coding of the position of the hand, eyes and goal of a reach. This aim will test several new aspects and implications of relative coding. (1) It will examine the extent of relative coding in other areas of the sensorimotor pathway including area 5 and primary motor cortex. {2) It will determine if the 2 limbs also show a relative coding in cortical areas involved in reaching. Such a result would indicate that relative coding may be general mechanism for movements involving multiple body parts. (3) It will examine if relative coding of the hand is state dependent in PMd, and changes depending on the task, or if it is "hard wired". (4) It will determine if eye movement areas also show a relative coding of the eye and hand for eye movement tasks, which made facilitate eye- hand coordination. (5) It will directly test the hypothesis that relative coding, by its nature, is translation (and perhaps rotation) invariant across the workspace. In Aim 2 we will examine the gain field mechanism that is thought to be responsible for coordinate transformations between representations. (1) This aim will determine if gain fields exist simultaneously with relative position encoding. (2) It will determine whether gain fields in particular areas of cortex are concerned with extrinsic space around the body or intrinsic space within the body. 3) The mathematical mechanism for gain modulation will be determined. We will distinguish whether it is a pure multiplication of inputs or a function which approximates multiplication such as non-linear addition. Since gain fields are believed to be a general mechanism for neural computation, the results of these studies should have broad applicability to understanding neural processing beyond coordinate transformations. The results of the proposed studies can be used to help design therapies for patients suffering from damage to frontal and parietal cortex from strokes and traumatic brain injuries. They will help in understanding deficits that result from neurological diseases that effect cortical functioning, and can guide the diagnoses and treatments for these diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请旨在研究感觉-运动转换如何在大脑皮层中完成。特别是，我们将研究空间信息是如何表示在皮层（目标1）和坐标转换是如何完成这些表示（目标2）。以前的工作对这些主题进行了研究如何空间表示为实现一个单一的效应器，例如眼睛或手的运动。然而，运动通常涉及多个效应器，并且通常包括手眼和双手运动。在目标1中，我们将提出一个新的发现，在背侧前运动皮层（PMD）在最后一个赠款期间，相对编码的手，眼睛和目标的位置达到。这一目标将测试几个新的方面和相关编码的影响。(1)它将检查在感觉运动通路的其他区域，包括5区和初级运动皮层的相对编码的程度。{2)它将确定这两个肢体是否也显示出与伸手有关的皮层区域的相对编码。这样的结果表明，相对编码可能是涉及多个身体部位的运动的一般机制。(3)它将检查手的相对编码在PMD中是否是状态依赖的，并且根据任务而改变，或者它是否是“硬连线”的。(4)它将确定眼动区域是否也显示眼和手的相对编码，以促进眼-手协调。(5)它将直接测试相对编码本质上在整个工作空间中是平移（可能还有旋转）不变的假设。在目标2中，我们将研究增益场机制，它被认为是负责表示之间的坐标变换。(1)该目标将确定增益场是否与相对位置编码同时存在。(2)它将确定特定皮层区域的增益场是否与身体周围的外部空间或身体内的内部空间有关。3)增益调制的数学机制将被确定。我们将区分它是输入的纯乘法还是近似乘法的函数，如非线性加法。由于增益场被认为是神经计算的一般机制，这些研究的结果应该具有广泛的适用性，以了解神经处理超越坐标变换。拟议研究的结果可用于帮助设计中风和创伤性脑损伤导致额叶和顶叶皮层受损的患者的治疗方法。它们将有助于理解影响皮质功能的神经系统疾病所导致的缺陷，并可以指导这些疾病的诊断和治疗。