Gender, Emotional Arousal, and Risk for Adolescent Substance Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：指导研究科学家奖Tara M. Chaplin, Ph.D.这个K01申请寻求对我作为一个独立的跨学科科学家的发展至关重要的支持。我开发了一个重要的社会心理研究项目，涉及性别、对压力的情绪反应模式，以及青少年抑郁症的发展。然而，为了充分理解情绪唤醒模式对青少年精神病理学的影响，我必须结合情绪的生物学方面，必须理解情绪在抑郁等内在化障碍和物质滥用等外在化障碍中的作用。因此，在这个K01应用中，我建议在三个方面获得培训：(a)发育神经生物学模型和情绪和精神病理学的测量；(b)药物滥用研究；(c)用于重复生物-心理-社会数据和复杂发展模型的先进数据分析技术，包括线性混合效应和结构方程模型。培训将通过由领先的跨学科科学家组成的团队进行强化指导，并通过指导阅读、课程作业和参加会议/会议来提供。我还将完成一项研究项目，研究对压力的情绪反应在200名青少年（14-15岁）的物质使用和抑郁症状发展中的作用，其中一半人因产前接触可卡因而面临出现适应问题的风险。众所周知，产前可卡因暴露（PCE）会特别影响情绪唤醒系统，也可能是青少年物质使用障碍和抑郁的一个风险因素。然而，没有发表的研究跟踪PCE儿童进入青春期来测试这种可能性。这项拟议的研究跟踪了一组特征良好的青少年，他们从出生开始就被研究。一半的青少年在出生前接触过可卡因，另一半没有接触过可卡因，两组青少年都来自低收入家庭。青少年将参与一项基于实验室的压力任务（特里尔社会压力测试，TSST），详细评估他们在生物-社会心理领域的情绪反应。评估青少年的主观情绪体验、观察到的情绪表达、心血管觉醒（HR、BP）和hpa轴觉醒（皮质醇水平）。青少年将完成6个月和12个月的药物使用/滥用和抑郁的随访评估。分析将在12个月的随访中检查对压力源的情绪反应与物质使用增加和抑郁症状之间的联系。了解物质使用障碍和抑郁症的开始和早期升级的可能机制，将为有风险的青少年制定干预措施提供信息，拟议的奖项将使我能够为这一领域做出贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mentored Research Scientist Award for Tara M. Chaplin, Ph.D. This K01 application seeks support that is essential for my development as an independent interdisciplinary scientist. I have developed an important program of psychosocial research on gender, patterns of emotional response to stress, and the development of depression in adolescence. However, to fully understand the impact of emotional arousal patterns on adolescent psychopathology, I must incorporate biological aspects of emotion and must understand the role of emotion in both internalizing disorders such as depression and externalizing disorders such as substance abuse. Therefore, in this K01 application, I propose to acquire training in three areas: (a) developmental neurobiology models and measures of emotion and psychopathology; (b) substance abuse research; and (c) advanced data analytic techniques for repeated bio-psycho-social data and complex developmental models, including Linear Mixed Effects and Structural Equation Modeling. Training will be provided through intensive mentoring by a team of leading interdisciplinary scientists, and through guided readings, coursework, and attendance at conferences/meetings. I will also complete a research project examining the role of emotional response to stress in the development of substance use and depressive symptoms in 200 adolescents (aged 14-15 years), half of whom are at risk for the development of adjustment problems due to prenatal cocaine exposure. Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is known to specifically impact emotional arousal systems and may also be a risk factor for substance use disorders and depression in adolescence. However, no published studies have followed PCE children into adolescence to test this possibility. The proposed study follows a well-characterized cohort of adolescents who have been studied since their birth. Half of the adolescents were prenatally exposed to cocaine and the other half were not exposed to substances, with both groups from low-income families. Adolescents will participate in a laboratory-based stress task (the Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) with detailed assessments of their emotional responses across bio-psychosocial domains. Adolescent's subjective emotion experience, observed emotion expression, cardiovascular arousal (HR, BP), and HPA-Axis arousal (cortisol levels) will be assessed before, during, and after the TSST. Adolescents will complete 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments of substance use/abuse and depression. Analyses will examine associations between emotional response to the stressor and increases in substance use and depressive symptoms by 12-month follow-up. Understanding possible mechanisms for the initiation and early escalation of substance use disorders and depression will inform the development of interventions for adolescents at risk and the proposed Award will enable me to contribute to this field.