Gender, Emotional Arousal, and Risk for Adolescent Substance Abuse

描述(由申请人提供)：塔拉·M·卓别林博士导师研究科学家奖。这份K01申请书寻求对我作为一名独立跨学科科学家的发展至关重要的支持。我开发了一个重要的心理社会研究项目，研究性别、对压力的情绪反应模式以及青春期抑郁的发展。然而，为了充分了解情绪唤醒模式对青少年精神病理学的影响，我必须纳入情绪的生物学方面，并必须了解情绪在内在性障碍(如抑郁症)和外部性障碍(如药物滥用)中的作用。因此，在这个K01应用程序中，我建议在三个领域获得培训：(A)发育神经生物学模型和情绪和精神病理学的测量；(B)药物滥用研究；(C)用于重复生物-心理-社会数据和复杂发展模型的高级数据分析技术，包括线性混合效应和结构方程建模。培训将通过由领先的跨学科科学家组成的团队进行密集指导，以及通过指导阅读、课程作业和参加会议/会议来提供。我还将完成一个研究项目，考察对压力的情绪反应在200名青少年(14-15岁)的物质使用和抑郁症状发展中的作用，其中一半的青少年有因产前接触可卡因而出现适应问题的风险。已知产前可卡因暴露(PCE)会特别影响情绪唤醒系统，也可能是青春期物质使用障碍和抑郁的风险因素。然而，还没有发表的研究跟踪PCE儿童进入青春期来测试这种可能性。这项拟议的研究是在一组特征明确的青少年队列之后进行的，这些青少年自出生以来一直被研究。一半的青少年产前接触可卡因，另一半没有接触物质，这两组人都来自低收入家庭。青少年将参与一项基于实验室的压力任务(Trier Social Stress Test，TSST)，详细评估他们在生物-心理-社会领域的情绪反应。青少年的主观情绪体验、观察到的情绪表达、心血管唤醒(HR、BP)和HPA-Axis唤醒(皮质醇水平)将在TSST之前、期间和之后进行评估。青少年将完成为期6个月和12个月的药物使用/滥用和抑郁的后续评估。分析将通过12个月的跟踪调查，检查对应激源的情绪反应与物质使用增加和抑郁症状之间的关系。了解物质使用障碍和抑郁的启动和早期升级的可能机制将有助于为处于危险中的青少年制定干预措施，拟议的奖项将使我能够为这一领域做出贡献。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Mentored Research Scientist Award for Tara M. Chaplin, Ph.D. This K01 application seeks support that is essential for my development as an independent interdisciplinary scientist. I have developed an important program of psychosocial research on gender, patterns of emotional response to stress, and the development of depression in adolescence. However, to fully understand the impact of emotional arousal patterns on adolescent psychopathology, I must incorporate biological aspects of emotion and must understand the role of emotion in both internalizing disorders such as depression and externalizing disorders such as substance abuse. Therefore, in this K01 application, I propose to acquire training in three areas: (a) developmental neurobiology models and measures of emotion and psychopathology; (b) substance abuse research; and (c) advanced data analytic techniques for repeated bio-psycho-social data and complex developmental models, including Linear Mixed Effects and Structural Equation Modeling. Training will be provided through intensive mentoring by a team of leading interdisciplinary scientists, and through guided readings, coursework, and attendance at conferences/meetings. I will also complete a research project examining the role of emotional response to stress in the development of substance use and depressive symptoms in 200 adolescents (aged 14-15 years), half of whom are at risk for the development of adjustment problems due to prenatal cocaine exposure. Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is known to specifically impact emotional arousal systems and may also be a risk factor for substance use disorders and depression in adolescence. However, no published studies have followed PCE children into adolescence to test this possibility. The proposed study follows a well-characterized cohort of adolescents who have been studied since their birth. Half of the adolescents were prenatally exposed to cocaine and the other half were not exposed to substances, with both groups from low-income families. Adolescents will participate in a laboratory-based stress task (the Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) with detailed assessments of their emotional responses across bio-psychosocial domains. Adolescent's subjective emotion experience, observed emotion expression, cardiovascular arousal (HR, BP), and HPA-Axis arousal (cortisol levels) will be assessed before, during, and after the TSST. Adolescents will complete 6- and 12-month follow-up assessments of substance use/abuse and depression. Analyses will examine associations between emotional response to the stressor and increases in substance use and depressive symptoms by 12-month follow-up. Understanding possible mechanisms for the initiation and early escalation of substance use disorders and depression will inform the development of interventions for adolescents at risk and the proposed Award will enable me to contribute to this field.