Parent-adolescent interactions, gender, and substance use: Brain mechanisms.

父母与青少年的互动、性别和物质使用：大脑机制。

• 批准号: 10390274
• 负责人: Tara M Chaplin
• 金额: $ 47.32万
• 依托单位: GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-15 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10390274
• 关键词: 12 year old; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Arousal; Award; Base of the Brain; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Child Abuse; Child Rearing; Code; Corpus striatum structure; Emotional; Emotions; Ensure; Environment; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Future; Gender; Intervention; Laboratories; Link; Literature; Measures; Mediating; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurobiology; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Physiological; Prevention; Prevention program; Psychopathology; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Rest; Rewards; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Standardization; Stimulus; Strategic Planning; Structure; Substance Use Disorder; Sum; System; Temperament; Testing; addiction; adolescent brain development; adolescent substance abuse; adolescent substance use; boys; brain pathway; emotional stimulus; gender difference; girls; improved; in vivo; innovation; intervention program; neurobiological mechanism; neuroimaging; novel; predicting response; programs; recruit; response; reward processing; substance use; teenage parents

Abstract (30 lines) Adolescent substance use is a significant public health problem that predicts future substance use disorders in adulthood. Precise understanding of risk factors is needed to develop and target preventions. A large body of research has identified the parenting environment as a strong risk factor for adolescent substance use. However, the brain mechanisms for effects of parenting on substance use are not known. In our current NIDA-funded R01 study, we found that maladaptive parenting behaviors measured in our novel laboratory parent-adolescent interaction task (PAIT) significantly predicted current and future (1 year later) substance use in 245 early adolescents. As a next step, in this R01 renewal application, we propose to team with a neuroscientist (co-PI Thompson) to investigate emotion- and reward-related brain mechanisms of effects of parenting on adolescent substance use. We conducted a pilot fMRI study with 72 of the adolescents from the R01 study and found initial evidence that observed parenting behaviors in the laboratory PAIT task predicted altered fronto-limbic-striatal activation to negative emotion and reward and that these brain responses predicted future adolescent substance use. Further, we found that these brain pathways differed by gender, with girls showing a pathway characterized by heightened fronto-limbic activation to negative emotion and boys showing a pathway characterized by heightened fronto-striatal activation to reward. The proposed renewal study will formally examine gender-differentiated brain pathways from parenting to adolescent substance use in a large sample with a greater range of parenting behavior. We will recruit 326 substance-naive 11-12 year olds and their parents, with 40% oversampled for maladaptive parenting. In a laboratory session, we will measure observed parenting behaviors and adolescent physiological responses in our PAIT task, validated in the current R01 study. Adolescents will complete fMRI sessions to examine brain functional activation (and also functional connectivity) in standardized emotion processing, reward processing, and resting-state tasks which we piloted in the current R01 sample. We will collect detailed behavioral and biological measures of substance use and problem use, emotion and reward sensitivity, and reported parenting at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 year follow-ups into middle adolescence. We will examine: 1. Parenting in PAIT predicting adolescent emotion- and reward-related brain function by gender and 2. Adolescent brain function predicting increases in substance use over three years, by gender. The study will be the first to integrate laboratory assessment of parenting with neuro- imaging to understand brain-based mechanisms of parenting effects on substance use. By identifying brain mechanisms of parenting effects, and gender differences in these, we can better target and strengthen parenting-focused prevention programs and develop gender-sensitive preventions.

摘要（30行） 青少年物质使用是一个重大的公共卫生问题，可以预测未来的物质使用 成年期的疾病。需要准确了解风险因素来制定和制定预防措施。一个 大量研究表明，养育环境是青少年成长的一个重要风险因素。 物质的使用。然而，养育方式影响物质使用的大脑机制尚不清楚。在 我们目前由 NIDA 资助的 R01 研究发现，我们的小说中测量到了适应不良的养育行为 实验室亲子互动任务（PAIT）显着预测了当前和未来（1年后） 245 名青少年早期的物质使用情况。下一步，在此 R01 续签申请中，我们建议团队 与神经科学家（co-PI Thompson）一起研究与情绪和奖励相关的大脑效应机制 养育子女对青少年物质使用的影响。我们对 72 名来自美国的青少年进行了一项试点功能磁共振成像研究 R01研究并发现了在实验室PAIT任务中观察养育行为的初步证据 预测了额叶边缘纹状体激活对负面情绪和奖励的改变，并且这些大脑 反应预测了青少年未来的物质使用。此外，我们发现这些大脑通路的不同之处在于 性别，女孩表现出一条以额叶边缘激活增强为特征的通往负面情绪的途径 男孩表现出一条以额纹状体激活增强为特征的奖励通路。拟议的 更新研究将正式检查从养育子女到青少年的性别差异大脑通路 物质使用样本较多，养育行为范围较大。 我们将招募 326 名未接触过任何物质的 11-12 岁儿童及其父母，其中 40% 的人进行过抽样 不适应的养育方式。在实验室会议中，我们将测量观察到的养育行为和青少年 我们的 PAIT 任务中的生理反应已在当前的 R01 研究中得到验证。青少年将完成功能磁共振成像 检查标准化情绪中大脑功能激活（以及功能连接）的课程 我们在当前的 R01 样本中试点了处理、奖励处理和静息态任务。我们将 收集物质使用和问题使用、情绪和奖励的详细行为和生物测量 敏感性，并报告基线养育情况以及青春期中期 1 年、2 年和 3 年的随访情况。 我们将研究： 1. PAIT 中的养育方式预测青少年情绪和奖励相关的大脑 2. 青少年大脑功能预测物质使用超过三岁的增加 年，按性别。该研究将是第一个将育儿实验室评估与神经系统评估相结合的研究。 成像来了解育儿对物质使用影响的大脑机制。通过识别大脑 养育效应的机制，以及其中的性别差异，我们可以更好地瞄准和加强 以育儿为重点的预防方案并制定对性别问题有敏感认识的预防措施。