Community-level Prevention of Child Abuse & Neglect

社区层面预防虐待儿童

• 批准号: 7435415
• 负责人: BETH Ellen MOLNAR
• 金额: $ 12.72万
• 依托单位: HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-05 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7435415
• 关键词: Abuse Reporting; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Affect; Age; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Boston; Case Study; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Cessation of life; Chicago; Child; Child Abuse; Child Abuse and Neglect; Child Development; Child Sexual Abuse; Collection; Communities; Condition; Data; Depth; Development; Economics; Emotional; Epidemic; Epidemiologist; Etiology; Evaluation; Family; Family dynamics; Funding; Health; Homicide; Human Development; Illinois; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Letters; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mental disorders; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methods; Neighborhoods; Plant Roots; Population; Prevention; Prevention Research; Prevention intervention; Prevention program; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Principal Investigator; Process; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Publishing; Rate; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk; Route; Sampling; Schools; Science; Scientist; Social Change; Specialized Center; Specific qualifier value; Surveys; Testing; Training; Training Programs; Translating; Work; World Health Organization; Youth; abuse neglect; authority; base; behavior influence; child neglect; child protection; child well being; community based participatory research; design; effectiveness trial; efficacy trial; high school; infancy; neglect; prevent; programs; research study; skills; social; violence prevention; young adult; youth violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the U.S., it is estimated that 2.9 million reports of abuse or neglect, representing approximately 5.5 million children, were reported to authorities in 2003; more than 65% were further investigated, resulting in 906,000 substantiated cases. Globally, child abuse & neglect were estimated by the World Health Organization to affect 40 million children under age 15, with 57,000 deaths in 2000 attributed to homicide of children. To date, prevention scientists have made inroads towards family-focused prevention of child abuse and neglect and their associated consequences for child development. Studies have also shown effects that community conditions can have on the health and well being of children and families, dating back several decades. Although many prevention scientists have called for community-level prevention as a strategy to lower rates of child abuse & neglect, few exist; moreover, conceptual frameworks are in their infancy. This Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) will enable the candidate, a social and psychiatric epidemiologist, to become an independent investigator in prevention science and community- based participatory research. The training components will result in new skills to translate community-level research findings into efficacious preventive interventions, and to conduct effectiveness trials to demonstrate sustained effects on rates of child abuse and neglect as well as on abused or neglected children's emotional and behavioral development. Training will also enable the candidate to effectively work with communities, conducting community-based participatory research to transform neighborhood collective behaviors for the protection of children. Research studies include: (1) Scientific review of community-level child abuse and neglect prevention research and programs; (2) Multi-level study of neighborhood-level collective behaviors associated with reduced abuse/neglect, and determinants of those collective behaviors; (3) Specification of unique neighborhood-level factors associated with lower rates of child sexual abuse and fewer mental disorders among abused youth; and (4) Development and pilot testing of a conceptual framework for community-academic partnerships conducting social transformation interventions that strengthen communities for protection of their children. This work will result in more effective community-level prevention of child abuse and neglect and better emotional/behavioral development of children and adolescents.

描述（由申请人提供）：在美国，据估计，2003年有290万起虐待或忽视儿童的报告被报告给当局，代表了大约550万名儿童；65%以上的病例得到进一步调查，有90.6万例得到证实。据世界卫生组织估计，在全球范围内，虐待和忽视儿童影响到4 000万15岁以下儿童，2000年有57 000名儿童死于谋杀。迄今为止，预防科学家已经在以家庭为重点的预防儿童虐待和忽视及其对儿童发展的相关后果方面取得了进展。研究还表明，社区条件对儿童和家庭的健康和福祉可能产生的影响可以追溯到几十年前。尽管许多预防科学家呼吁社区一级的预防作为降低儿童虐待和忽视率的策略，但很少存在；此外，概念框架还处于起步阶段。这项指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）将使社会和精神流行病学家候选人成为预防科学和基于社区的参与性研究的独立研究者。培训部分将产生新的技能，将社区一级的研究结果转化为有效的预防干预措施，并进行有效性试验，以证明对虐待和忽视儿童的比率以及对虐待或忽视儿童的情感和行为发展的持续影响。培训还将使候选人能够有效地与社区合作，开展以社区为基础的参与性研究，以改变邻里集体行为，保护儿童。研究内容包括：(1)对社区儿童虐待和忽视预防研究和项目的科学回顾；(2)社区层面集体行为与虐待/忽视减少的关系及其影响因素的多层次研究；(3)明确与受虐青少年儿童性侵率和精神障碍发生率降低相关的独特社区因素；(4)开发和试点社区-学术伙伴关系概念框架，实施社会转型干预措施，加强社区对儿童的保护。这项工作将更有效地在社区一级预防虐待和忽视儿童，并改善儿童和青少年的情感/行为发展。