The development of object representation in infancy

婴儿期物体表征的发展

• 批准号: 7896562
• 负责人: LISA M OAKES
• 金额: $ 25.83万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-20 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7896562
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Comprehension; Cues; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Environment; Event; Foundations; Goals; Image; Individual; Infant; Infant Development; Knowledge; Language; Learning; Life; Literature; Measures; Memory; Motor; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Principal Investigator; Process; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Social Interaction; Stimulus; Stream; Surface Properties; System; Williams Syndrome; Work; autism spectrum disorder; autistic children; computer generated; contextual factors; experience; grasp; infancy; information processing; insight; object recognition; public health relevance; research study; skills; visual object processing; visual process; visual processing

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sophisticated representations of objects provide the foundation for conceptual knowledge of the world, for language, for quantitative reasoning, and for social interactions. The ability to form such representations is therefore critically important for infants' developing comprehension of the world. Understanding how infants' representations of objects develop is central to our knowledge of infant cognition, and provides insight into both typical and atypical patterns of development. For example, children with Williams Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder have known deficits in their visual processing. Identifying typical patterns of development provides a key starting point for understanding such deficits. The broad goal of this project is to deepen our understanding of how infants become able to form increasingly sophisticated object representations across the first year of life. Specifically, we will study the abilities that make it possible for infants to represent new kinds of object features. In particular, using measures of infant looking at computer generated images and object manipulation, we will (a) examine the role of motor development in infants' representation of the surface properties of objects (Experiments 1-4), and (b) investigate the role of developing memory and attention skills on the features infants represent (Experiments 5-7). These two aims are well supported by the literature. It has long been held that infants learn about objects in their environment through action. The proposed work builds on this tradition. In addition, researchers have come to believe that objects and events are represented in the moment, during the acts of perceiving, attending, comparing, and so on. The present work extends this approach to understanding how infants create representations of the objects and events they encounter. The findings from this project will contribute to our understanding of atypical patterns of development, such as those characterizing Williams Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autistic children have deficits in representing actions; Williams syndrome individuals have deficits in ventral stream processing. This project, will provide insight into typical development of infants' representation or action and of features likely processed by the ventral and dorsal pathways. Thus, the typical development outlined here will provide an important point of reference for understanding the atypical development in such disorders. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Children with Williams Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder have known deficits in their visual processing. Identifying typical patterns of development provides a key starting point for understanding such deficits. The broad goal of this project is to deepen our understanding of how infants become able to form increasingly sophisticated object representations across the first year of life, and therefore providing a foundation for our understanding of atypical patterns of development.

描述（由申请人提供）：物体的复杂表征为世界概念性知识、语言、定量推理和社会互动提供了基础。因此，形成这种表征的能力对婴儿发展对世界的理解至关重要。了解婴儿对物体的表征是如何发展的，是我们了解婴儿认知的核心，并提供了对典型和非典型发展模式的洞察。例如，患有威廉姆斯综合症和自闭症谱系障碍的儿童在视觉处理方面存在已知缺陷。识别典型的发展模式为理解这些缺陷提供了一个关键的起点。这个项目的总体目标是加深我们对婴儿在生命的第一年如何能够形成越来越复杂的物体表征的理解。具体来说，我们将研究使婴儿能够表示新类型物体特征的能力。特别是，使用婴儿观看计算机生成的图像和物体操作的测量，我们将(a)检查运动发展在婴儿表征物体表面特性中的作用（实验1-4），以及(b)研究发展记忆和注意力技能对婴儿表征特征的作用（实验5-7）。这两个目的得到了文献的充分支持。长期以来，人们一直认为婴儿通过行动来学习环境中的物体。拟议的工作建立在这一传统之上。此外，研究人员已经开始相信，物体和事件是在当下，在感知、参与、比较等行为中表现出来的。目前的工作将这种方法扩展到理解婴儿如何创造他们遇到的物体和事件的表征。这个项目的发现将有助于我们理解非典型的发展模式，比如那些表征威廉姆斯综合症和自闭症谱系障碍的模式。自闭症儿童在表达行为方面有缺陷；威廉姆斯综合症患者在腹侧流处理方面有缺陷。这个项目，将提供洞察婴儿的代表性或行动的典型发展和特征可能由腹侧和背侧通路处理。因此，这里概述的典型发展将为理解此类疾病的非典型发展提供一个重要的参考点。患有威廉姆斯综合症和自闭症谱系障碍的儿童在视觉处理方面存在已知缺陷。识别典型的发展模式为理解这些缺陷提供了一个关键的起点。这个项目的总体目标是加深我们对婴儿如何在生命的第一年形成越来越复杂的物体表征的理解，从而为我们理解非典型的发展模式提供基础。

项目成果

Using Habituation of Looking Time to Assess Mental Processes in Infancy.

• DOI: 10.1080/15248371003699977
• 发表时间: 2010-07-01
• 期刊: Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society
• 作者: Oakes LM

Experience and distribution of attention: Pet exposure and infants' scanning of animal images.

• DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2013.833922
• 发表时间: 2015-01
• 期刊: Journal of cognition and development : official journal of the Cognitive Development Society
• 作者: Hurley KB;Oakes LM
• 通讯作者: Oakes LM