AREA II CANCER AND AGING

第二领域癌症与衰老

• 批准号: 7959165
• 负责人: MARK L STEINBERG
• 金额: $ 24.16万
• 依托单位: CITY COLLEGE OF NEW YORK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7959165
• 关键词: African American; Aging; Aging-Related Process; Alaska Native; Area; Asians; Autoimmune Diseases; Autoimmunity; Biology; Bronchogenic Carcinoma; Cancer Death Rates; Caucasians; Caucasoid Race; Cell Aging; Cell Communication; Cell Cycle Regulation; Cell Differentiation process; Cell Nucleus; Cells; Chemistry; Collaborations; Colon; Complement; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computer Systems Development; Death Rate; Development; Diagnosis; Drosophila genus; Event; Evolution; Faculty; Female; Funding; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Goals; Grant; Hispanics; Human; Human Herpesvirus 8; Immune; Immune system; Immunology; Incidence; Individual; Institution; Interest Group; Lung; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri; Malignant neoplasm of liver; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Microbiology; Minority; Molecular; Organism; Pacific Island Americans; Participant; Physics; Pilot Projects; Population; Positioning Attribute; Recruitment Activity; Rectal Cancer; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Resources; Signal Pathway; Site Visit; Source; Subgroup; T-Lymphocyte; Tumor Biology; United States National Institutes of Health; Woman; anticancer research; base; cancer risk; cancer type; interest; malignant breast neoplasm; malignant stomach neoplasm; medical schools; member; men; programs; research and development; statistics; transmission process; web site

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The original goal of Area II, Gene Expression and Regulation, was to understand the mechanisms that control gene expression, so that the molecular events that govern cell differentiation and organism development can be elucidated. There are twelve members of Area II whose interests are diverse, but overlap to form clusters of common interest. All but one of these researchers have been hired within the past ten years. Over the years, the research foci of the various areas has undergone much change due to the many recent advances in these fields that have, in turn, spurred faculty recruitment in the departments of physics, biology and chemistry. Because research in gene expression has diverged into several different foci, Area II has become a somewhat large and disorganized subgroup (as stated in our last NIH site visit). We separated the faculty participants into two new Areas. Members of the old Area II subgroup were re- organized into an Immunology Subgroup, comprised of Drs. Guyden, Balogh-Nair, Boto, Coico, Moore together with the more recent hires: Drs. Gottleib, Spatz, and Pezzano (this will become a new area IV). The goal of Area IV, Immunology, is to understand the cell- to-cell interactions and molecular mechanisms that control the development and function of the immune system. Within the group, a smaller subgroup is focused on the mechanisms that regulate autoimmunity, both at the developmental and regulatory levels. There are six members of Area IV, consisting of 2 research active faculty from the CUNY Medical School department of Microbiology and Immunology and 4 from the department of Biology. William Boto, Shubha Govind and Jerry Guyden were hired through the RCMI grant directly. Mark Pezzano was recruited for a faculty position in the Biology department, after serving as Deputy Director of the RCMI program and collaborating on research projects with Dr. Guyden for several years. Paul Gottlieb and Linda Spatz were hired by the CUNY Medical School and recruited to join the RCMI program because of their active research collaboration focused on autoimmunity when the immunology subgroup was initiated in our last proposal. All of these researchers currently have outside funding for their research projects and many have collaborative projects both within the group and with outside investigators. The research interests of the group are diverse, ranging from studies of innate immune system development and function in Drosophila to KSHV transmission and evolution in humans. We have several investigators who study aspects of immune cell development in both B and T cells and immune system regulation, which are focused on a key question in Immunology as to how the immune system distinguishes self from non-self. These studies are directly relevant to the development of autoimmune diseases. The remaining members of the old Area II will become members of a new subgroup with a research focus on the development of cancer and aging (Area II). The rationale for forming a new cancer subgroup within the RCMI is twofold: 1. Disparities in Cancer incidence and treatment is an issue that particularly impacts minority populations. This point is clearly illustrated by the following statistics taken from the NCI website [ HYPERLINK "http://www.nci.nih.gov/newscenter/healthdisparities%5D" http://www.nci.nih.gov/newscenter/healthdisparities] : -African-Americans have an 8.7% greater incidence of cancer overall, and are 29.1% more likely to die from it than caucasians. - African-American women are 21.6% more likely to be diagnosed with colon and rectal cancers and 5.6% more likely to be diagnosed with lung and bronchial cancers than white women. African-American women also have an 86.4% higher incidence of breast cancer than white women and are 32.0% more likely to die from it. -African-American men are 12.9% more likely to be diagnosed with colon and rectal cancers than white men and are 51.6% more likely to be diagnosed with lung and bronchial cancers. Death rates from these cancers are also higher in African-american men - 37.0% and 36.8% greater death rates than white men for these types of cancers, respectively. - African-American men are also 65.6% more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer and 141.7% more likely to die from it than their white counterparts. - Hispanic women are 82.8% more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer and 37.0% more likely to die from it than caucasian females. Asian/Pacific islanders, American indians/Alaskan natives, Hispanics and African Americans all have a higher incidence of liver cancer (187.5%, 22.9%, 89.6%, 43.8% respectively) and stomach cancer (124.7%, 42.9%, 72.7%, 81.8% respectively) than caucasians. 2. There is already significant scientific expertise, and the nucleus for, a cancer group within area II. Drs. Hubbard and Steinberg currently have ongoing research programs in cancer research and are collaborators on an NIH-funded pilot project with Dr. Irene Orlow at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. In addition, Dr. Hubbard wishes to extend her ongoing research on cell senescence to cancer development as a function of the aging process. As there is a well established direct relationship between cancer incidence and aging (summarized in: Ukraintseva, S. and Yashin, A.: Individual Aging and Cancer Risk: Are They Related? Demographic Research 9:164-195, 2003) it is our desire to hire a new researcher with interests in cancer and aging that will complement their research as well as that of other area II faculty with research in related areas such as cell cycle control and signaling pathways - namely Dr. Govind and the recent hire, Gillian Small. In addition, through the efforts of Dr. Hubbard, department of biology recruited Mary Alpaugh from UCLA. She was asked to join the RCMI program because of her exciting project in tumor biology.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 第二领域“基因表达和调控”的最初目标是了解 控制基因表达的机制，以便控制细胞的分子事件 可以阐明分化和生物体发育。成员有十二人 区域 II 的兴趣多种多样，但重叠形成共同兴趣集群。全部 但其中一位研究人员是在过去十年内被聘用的。 多年来，各个领域的研究重点发生了很大变化。 这些领域的许多最新进展反过来又刺激了教师的招聘 物理、生物和化学系。 因为基因表达研究 已经分化成几个不同的焦点，第二区已经成为一个有点大和 无组织的亚组（如我们上次 NIH 现场访问所述）。 我们分开了 教师参与者进入两个新领域。 旧 II 区小组的成员重新 组织成一个免疫学小组，由博士组成。盖登、巴洛奈尔、博托、 Coico、Moore 以及最近聘用的人员：博士。戈特利布、斯帕茨和佩扎诺（这 将成为新的区域IV）。 第四区免疫学的目标是了解细胞 细胞相互作用和控制发育和功能的分子机制 免疫系统的。 在该组内，有一个较小的子组专注于 在发育和调节水平上调节自身免疫的机制。 Area IV 有 6 名成员，其中 2 名来自 CUNY 的活跃研究教师 医学院微生物学与免疫学系及4个系 生物学。 William Boto、Shubha Govind 和 Jerry Guyden 通过 RCMI 聘用 直接授予。马克·佩扎诺 (Mark Pezzano) 被聘为生物学系教员 部门，在担任 RCMI 项目副主任并合作 与盖登博士一起进行了数年的研究项目。 保罗·戈特利布和琳达·斯帕茨 被纽约市立大学医学院聘用并被招募加入 RCMI 项目，因为他们 免疫学亚组积极开展自身免疫研究合作 是在我们上一份提案中发起的。 所有这些研究人员目前都有外部资助 他们的研究项目，许多人在集团内部和外部都有合作项目 与外部调查人员。 该小组的研究兴趣多种多样，包括 果蝇对 KSHV 的先天免疫系统发育和功能的研究 人类的传播和进化。 我们有几位研究人员研究各个方面 B 细胞和 T 细胞的免疫细胞发育以及免疫系统调节，其中 专注于免疫学中的一个关键问题，即免疫系统如何区分 自我来自非自我。 这些研究与自身免疫性疾病的发展直接相关 疾病。 旧 II 区的剩余成员将成为新小组的成员，该小组的成员 研究重点是癌症和衰老的发展（第二区）。形成理由 RCMI 中的一个新癌症亚组具有双重意义： 1. 癌症发病率和治疗的差异是一个特别影响的问题 少数民族人口。 以下统计数据清楚地说明了这一点 NCI 网站 [ 超级链接“http://www.nci.nih.gov/newscenter/healthdisparities%5D” http://www.nci.nih.gov/newscenter/healthdisparities]： -非洲裔美国人的癌症发病率总体高出 8.7%，高出 29.1% 比白人更有可能死于此病。 - 非裔美国女性被诊断患有结肠和直肠疾病的可能性高出 21.6% 癌症，被诊断出患有肺癌和支气管癌的可能性比白人高 5.6% 女性。 非裔美国女性乳腺癌发病率也高出 86.4% 比白人女性死于该病的可能性高出 32.0%。 -非洲裔美国男性被诊断患有结肠和直肠疾病的可能性高出 12.9% 比白人男性更容易患癌症，被诊断出患有肺癌和癌症的可能性高出 51.6% 支气管癌。 非裔美国人这些癌症的死亡率也更高 男性 - 这些类型癌症的死亡率比白人高 37.0% 和 36.8%， 分别。 - 非裔美国男性被诊断出患有前列腺癌的可能性也高出 65.6% 与白人相比，死于该疾病的可能性高出 141.7%。 - 西班牙裔女性被诊断出患有宫颈癌的可能性分别高出 82.8% 和 37.0% 比白人女性更有可能死于此病。亚洲/太平洋岛民、美国人 印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民、西班牙裔和非裔美国人的发病率均较高 肝癌（分别为 187.5%、22.9%、89.6%、43.8%）和胃癌（124.7%、 分别比白人高 42.9%、72.7%、81.8%）。 2. 癌症研究组已经拥有重要的科学专业知识和核心 区域 II 内。 博士。哈伯德和斯坦伯格目前正在进行以下研究项目： 癌症研究，并与 Irene Orlow 博士合作开展 NIH 资助的试点项目 在纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心。 此外，哈伯德博士希望延长 她正在进行的关于细胞衰老与癌症发展作为衰老功能的研究 过程。 由于癌症发病率与癌症之间存在明确的直接关系 老龄化（总结于：Ukraintseva, S. 和 Yashin, A.：个人老龄化和癌症风险： 他们有关系吗？ 人口统计研究 9:164-195, 2003）我们希望聘请新的 对癌症和衰老感兴趣的研究人员，这也将补充他们的研究 与其他领域 II 教师一样，从事细胞周期控制等相关领域的研究 信号通路——即 Govind 博士和最近聘用的 Gillian Small。 此外， 经过哈伯德博士的努力，生物系从 加州大学洛杉矶分校。 由于她在肿瘤领域的激动人心的项目，她被邀请加入 RCMI 项目 生物学。