Neurocognitive Risk For Alcoholism Into Adulthood

这个延续项目的目的是描述早期和中期青少年的神经认知功能，在一个新兴的饮酒生涯的背景下，有助于增加出现酒精使用障碍的风险。899名参与者来自一项正在进行的风险儿童纵向研究，他们在之前的资助期间在青春期早期进行了神经认知评估，将在当前项目期间从青春期后期进入二十出头。在这一关键的发育过渡期间，酒精和其他药物的使用量可能会最大。 该项目的概念框架整合了三个广泛的功能神经网络，理论上涉及酗酒和其他药物滥用，将通过绩效衡量进行评估：（a）执行功能，特别是反应抑制和工作记忆，（B）奖励反应，包括奖励的预期和对奖励的反应，以及（c）其次，右半球功能，区分空间信息处理和社会信息处理。将考虑双向行为-神经认知效应。神经功能也将通过功能磁共振成像直接表征，以检查：（1）与酒精/药物使用，神经认知表现和早期神经认知虚弱相关的脑功能个体差异;（2）随着药物使用的增加，脑功能随时间的变化，也与早期神经认知虚弱相关。任务涉及两个核心领域的建议，执行功能和奖励反应，将被用来激活感兴趣的大脑区域。我们将描述青少年后期和两年后神经发育的差异？随着感兴趣的额叶回路的成熟在这项更大规模的研究中选择了120名青少年。这种设计将能够确定神经激活模式是否相似，有和没有性能递减，以及在中间2年内与酒精/药物使用有关。该项目将在一个具有良好特征的纵向样本中进行，该样本包括酗酒者的男女儿童沿着，以及一个在生态学上可比较但不酗酒的对照组，这些对照组从幼儿期起每隔三年进行一次评估。神经认知评估将每3年进行一次，fMRI方案将进行两次。

The aim of this continuation project is to characterize how early and mid adolescent neurocognitive functioning, in the context of an emerging drinking career, serves to increase risk for the emergence of alcohol use disorder. 899 participants from an ongoing longitudinal study of at risk children, who had neurocognitive assessments in early adolescence during the prior grant period, will move from late adolescence into their early twenties during the current project. During this crucial developmental transition the heaviest levels of alcohol and other drug use can be expected. The project's conceptual framework integrates three broad functional neural networks theorized to be involved in alcoholism and other drug abuse which will be assessed via performance measures: (a) executive functioning, especially response suppression and working memory, (b) reward response, including anticipation of reward and response to reward, and (c) secondarily, right hemisphere function, with discrimination between spatial and social information processing. Bi-directional behavior-neurocognitive effects will be considered. Neural functioning will also be characterized directly, via fMRI, to examine: (1) individual differences in brain functioning in relation to alcohol/drug use, neurocognitive performance, and earlier neurocognitive weakness; and (2) changes in brain functioning over time with increasing drug use, also assessed in relation to earlier neurocognitive weakness. Tasks involving the two core domains of the proposal, executive functioning and reward response, will be used to activate brain regions of interest. We will characterize differences in neural development in the late teens and again two years thereafter?as the frontal circuitry of interest matures?in 120 selected youth from the larger study. This design will enable determination of whether neural activation patterns are similar, with and without performance decrements, and in relation to alcohol/drug use during the intervening 2 years. The project will be carried out in a well characterized longitudinal sample of male and female children of alcoholics along with an ecologically comparable but nonalcoholic group of controls who have been assessed at three year intervals since early childhood. Neurocognitive assessments will be carried out at 3 year intervals, and the fMRI protocol is to be administered twice.