Improvements in 3D Visualization for Vision Research

视觉研究 3D 可视化的改进

• 批准号: 7826604
• 负责人: MARTIN S BANKS
• 金额: $ 29.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-15 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7826604
• 关键词: Affect; Asthenopia; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Data; Depth Perception; Development; Devices; Distance Perception; Evaluation; Fatigue; Fiber; Funding; Goals; Grant; Image; Imagery; Literature; Measures; Medical; Medical Imaging; Methods; Miniaturization; Modeling; Motion; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Perception; Presbyopia; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Shapes; Side; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Size Perception; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Techniques; Technology; Time; Training; Variant; Vision research; base; impression; lens; minimally invasive; operation; public health relevance; stereoscopic; three dimensional structure; virtual; virtual reality; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Three-dimensional (3d) displays have become very important for many applications including vision research, operation of remote devices, medical imaging, surgical training, scientific visualization, virtual prototyping, and more. It is important in these applications for the graphic image to create a faithful impression of the 3d structure of the object or scene being portrayed. Unfortunately, 3d displays often yield less perceived depth or even distorted percepts compared with real scenes. Additionally, the uncoupling of vergence and accommodation required by 3d displays frequently causes viewer discomfort and fatigue. We received four years of funding to investigate these problems with conventional 3d displays and to develop new displays to minimize those problems. We achieved all of the stated goals and now seek funding to continue the technical development of the display and to use it to conduct basic and applied vision research. There are five Specific Aims. 1. Continue the construction, development, and evaluation of multi-plane 3d displays using the switchable lens technology developed in the first grant period. 2. Investigate how blur and accommodation affect stereopsis. Examine how the ability to binocularly fuse and interpret complex images is affected by the correlation between disparity-specified depth and blur and accommodative signals. Investigate the role of blur and accommodation in the perceived distortions observed with stereoscopic photographs and cinema. Develop more accurate models of these phenomena based on the experimental results. 3. Investigate the role of blur and accommodative signals in the perception of size and distance. Examine how the orientation of the blur gradient relative to the depth gradient affects the so-called tilt-shift miniaturization effect. Examine how variation in blur relative to local depth variations and how active accommodation affect size and distance perception. 4. Re-examine some well-known effects in the structure-from-motion and shape-from-shading literatures to determine if they are caused in part by conflicting blur and accommodative information. If they are, develop more accurate models of these phenomena based on the experimental results. 5. Evaluate the benefits of providing stereoscopic and near-correct focus cues in a medical-imaging application. Assess the ability to track fibers in white-mater tracts from DTI data using 2d, conventional 3d, and multi-plane 3d displays. Measure perceptual accuracy, time required, and visual fatigue and discomfort in the three types of displays. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE The proposed research will investigate the perception of displayed visual information. It involves the construction and evaluation of new display technology, optics techniques, and graphics methods. All of these technical developments will be useful in creating three-dimensional displays with near-correct focus cues which would allow the users of virtual reality to see the 3d structure of simulated scenes more correctly. This would have clear benefit for many uses of virtual reality such as medical imaging, minimally invasive surgery, telesurgery, medical training, and scientific visualization. This may also yield side benefits such as correction for presbyopia.

描述（由申请人提供）：三维 (3d) 显示器对于许多应用来说已经变得非常重要，包括视觉研究、远程设备操作、医学成像、手术训练、科学可视化、虚拟原型制作等。在这些应用中，图形图像能够忠实地呈现所描绘的物体或场景的 3D 结构，这一点非常重要。不幸的是，与真实场景相比，3D 显示器通常会产生较少的感知深度，甚至扭曲的感知。此外，3D 显示器所需的聚散度和调节的分离经常导致观看者不适和疲劳。我们获得了四年的资金来研究传统 3D 显示器的这些问题，并开发新的显示器以尽量减少这些问题。我们实现了所有既定目标，现在正在寻求资金来继续显示器的技术开发，并利用其进行基础和应用视觉研究。有五个具体目标。 1. 继续使用第一个资助期内开发的可切换镜头技术来构建、开发和评估多平面 3D 显示器。 2. 研究模糊和调节如何影响立体视觉。检查视差指定深度与模糊和调节信号之间的相关性如何影响双眼融合和解释复杂图像的能力。研究模糊和调节在立体照片和电影中观察到的感知扭曲中的作用。根据实验结果开发这些现象的更准确的模型。 3. 研究模糊和调节信号在尺寸和距离感知中的作用。检查模糊梯度相对于深度梯度的方向如何影响所谓的倾斜移位小型化效果。检查模糊变化如何相对于局部深度变化以及主动调节如何影响大小和距离感知。 4. 重新检查运动结构和着色形状文献中的一些众所周知的效果，以确定它们是否部分是由冲突的模糊和调节信息引起的。如果是的话，根据实验结果开发这些现象的更准确的模型。 5. 评估在医学成像应用中提供立体和接近正确的焦点提示的好处。评估使用 2d、传统 3d 和多平面 3d 显示器从 DTI 数据跟踪白质束中纤维的能力。测量三种类型显示器的感知准确性、所需时间以及视觉疲劳和不适。公共卫生相关性拟议的研究将调查显示的视觉信息的感知。它涉及新的显示技术、光学技术和图形方法的构建和评估。所有这些技术发展都将有助于创建具有近乎正确的焦点提示的三维显示，这将使虚拟现实的用户能够更正确地看到模拟场景的 3D 结构。这对于虚拟现实的许多用途（例如医学成像、微创手术、远程手术、医疗培训和科学可视化）具有明显的好处。这还可能产生副作用，例如矫正老花眼。