ERP Investigations of Novelty Processing in Different Patterns of Cognitive Aging

不同认知老化模式下新奇事物加工的 ERP 研究

• 批准号: 7846841
• 负责人: KIRK R DAFFNER
• 金额: $ 49.55万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-01 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7846841
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Age; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; American; Behavioral; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Development; Elderly; Employee Strikes; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Foundations; Goals; Individual; Investigation; Life; Longevity; Measures; Neuropsychological Tests; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Process; Public Health; Research; Resource Allocation; Resources; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Staging; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Work; age related; aging population; base; cognitive neuroscience; field study; indexing; information processing; insight; member; middle age; neuropsychological; novel; novelty processing; operation; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; selective attention; theories; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As increasing numbers of Americans are living to advanced ages, understanding what allows individuals to maintain meaningful levels of intellectual functioning and independence has become a major public health concern. The primary goal of the proposed research is to investigate the ways in which information processing of cognitively `successful' older adults differs from that of cognitively less successful ones. Event-related potential (ERP) indices of sensory-perceptual encoding, selective attention, and capacity- limited controlled processing will be measured. This will provide an opportunity to evaluate competing theories about cognitive aging that differ in terms of which information processing operations are hypothesized to be most important to age-related changes in cognition. Our proposal emphasizes novelty processing because increased responsiveness to novelty may not only be a reflection of successful cognitive aging, but also help to promote it. In the proposed study, individuals from 18 to over 90 years old will be divided into cognitively high and cognitively average performers based on age-appropriate neuropsychological test norms. A carefully planned set of ERP experiments will examine the extent to which groups varying in cognitive status differ in age-related changes in novelty processing under conditions that manipulate demands on 1) capacity-limited controlled processing (Aim 1), 2) context-appropriate resource allocation (Aim 2), and 3) selective attention to task-relevant events (Aim 3). Aim 1 will be addressed by comparing responses to novel stimuli under single vs. dual-task conditions. Aim 2 will be addressed by comparing responses to novelty under conditions that vary whether novel stimuli serve as distracters or potentially meaningful events. Aim 3 will be addressed by comparing responses to salient stimuli under attend vs. ignore conditions. Our work will provide important insights into 1) the extent to which age-related differences between cognitively high and average performing adults are due to a decline in information processing capacity that begins earlier in the lifespan for average performers; 2) the extent to which the magnitude of age-related differences between cognitively high and average performing adults differ across various stages of information processing; 3) the extent to which members of different age and cognitive groups are able to vary their response to novel events depending on the context in which they occur; and 4) the extent to which ERP indices of sensory-perceptual encoding, selective attention, and capacity-limited controlled processing can differentially account for the variance in age-related changes in neuropsychological performance. In summary, the proposed research will provide an opportunity to elucidate factors that are fundamental to successful cognitive aging, an endeavor that is critical to this important field of study. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will investigate factors that contribute to successful cognitive aging, a topic of major importance to public health as an increasing number of Americans are living to advanced ages. We will study age-related changes in brain wave activity in individuals from 18 to over 90 years old who vary in their level of intellectual functioning. We aim to identify underlying mechanisms that allow people to remain active and high functioning throughout adulthood.

描述（由申请人提供）：随着越来越多的美国人活到高龄，了解是什么让个人保持有意义的智力功能和独立性水平已成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。这项研究的主要目的是调查认知上“成功”的老年人与认知上不太成功的老年人的信息处理方式。事件相关电位（ERP）指数的感觉-知觉编码，选择性注意，和容量有限的控制加工将被测量。这将提供一个机会来评估关于认知衰老的竞争理论，这些理论的不同之处在于，哪些信息处理操作被假设为对认知中与年龄相关的变化最重要。我们的建议强调新颖性处理，因为对新颖性的反应增加不仅是成功的认知老化的反映，而且有助于促进它。在本研究中，根据与年龄相适应的神经心理学测试规范，将18岁至90岁以上的个体分为认知能力高和认知能力一般的两组。一组精心策划的ERP实验将检验在以下条件下，认知状态不同的群体在新颖性加工中年龄相关变化的差异程度：1)能力有限的控制加工（目标1），2)情境适当的资源分配（目标2），3)对任务相关事件的选择性注意（目标3）。目的1将通过比较单任务和双任务条件下对新刺激的反应来解决。目的2将通过比较在不同条件下对新颖性的反应来解决，无论是新颖性刺激作为干扰还是潜在的有意义的事件。目的3将通过比较在注意和忽略条件下对显著刺激的反应来解决。我们的工作将为以下方面提供重要的见解：1)认知能力高和表现一般的成年人之间的年龄相关差异在多大程度上是由于信息处理能力的下降造成的，这种能力在表现一般的人的生命早期就开始了；(2)在不同的信息加工阶段，认知能力高和表现一般的成年人的年龄相关差异的程度；3)不同年龄和认知群体的成员对新事件的反应随事件发生的环境而变化的程度；(4)感觉-知觉编码、选择性注意和能力限制控制加工的ERP指数在多大程度上能差异地解释年龄相关神经心理表现变化的差异。总之，这项研究将提供一个机会来阐明成功认知衰老的基本因素，这一努力对这一重要的研究领域至关重要。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将调查有助于成功认知衰老的因素，这是一个对公共卫生至关重要的话题，因为越来越多的美国人活到高龄。我们将研究从18岁到90岁以上的人脑电波活动的年龄相关变化，这些人的智力功能水平各不相同。我们的目标是确定使人们在成年期保持活跃和高功能的潜在机制。